{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T18:48:17Z","timestamp":1780944497662,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":177,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,24]],"date-time":"2019-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/S012567\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/S012567\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/R003521\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/R003521\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology , Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["BT\/IN\/TaSE\/71\/AA\/2018-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/IN\/TaSE\/71\/AA\/2018-19"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["DST\/TM\/INDO-UK\/2k17\/64(C)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DST\/TM\/INDO-UK\/2k17\/64(C)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The World Health Organization has estimated the burden of the on-going pandemic of cholera at 1.3 to 4 million cases per year worldwide in 2016, and a doubling of case-fatality-rate to 1.8% in 2016 from 0.8% in 2015. The disease cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae that can be found in environmental reservoirs, living either in free planktonic form or in association with host organisms, non-living particulate matter or in the sediment, and participating in various biogeochemical cycles. An increasing number of epidemiological studies are using land- and water-based remote-sensing observations for monitoring, surveillance, or risk mapping of Vibrio pathogens and cholera outbreaks. Although the Vibrio pathogens cannot be sensed directly by satellite sensors, remotely-sensed data can be used to infer their presence. Here, we review the use of ocean-color remote-sensing data, in conjunction with information on the ecology of the pathogen, to map its distribution and forecast risk of disease occurrence. Finally, we assess how satellite-based information on cholera may help support the Sustainable Development Goals and targets on Health (Goal 3), Water Quality (Goal 6), Climate (Goal 13), and Life Below Water (Goal 14).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11232763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T03:10:00Z","timestamp":1574651400000},"page":"2763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Environmental Reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae: Challenges and Opportunities for Ocean-Color Remote Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7584-2515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Fanny","family":"Racault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1396-3645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anas","family":"Abdulaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Regional Centre, Abraham Madamakkal Road, Cochin, Kerala 682 018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0136-5445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grinson","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Abraham Madamakkal Road, Kochi 682 018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandini","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nansen Environmental Research Centre India (NERCI), First floor, Amenity Centre, KUFOS, Kochi, Kerala 682506, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"C","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Regional Centre, Abraham Madamakkal Road, Cochin, Kerala 682 018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8098-5123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minu","family":"Punathil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Abraham Madamakkal Road, Kochi 682 018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"McConville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Loveday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK"},{"name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Abraham Madamakkal Road, Kochi 682 018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3586-192X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubha","family":"Sathyendranath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijitha","family":"Vijayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Abraham Madamakkal Road, Kochi 682 018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-017-9229-x","article-title":"Significance of Vibrio species in the marine organic carbon cycle\u2014A review","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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