{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T11:18:35Z","timestamp":1771931915789,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4000108996\/13\/N4\/US; 4000116646\/16\/NL\/US"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000108996\/13\/N4\/US; 4000116646\/16\/NL\/US"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Implementation of Structural Health Monitoring systems on long-span bridges has become mandatory in many countries to ascertain the safety of these structures and the public, taking into account an increase in usage and threats due to extreme loading conditions. However, the successful delivery of such a system is facing many challenges including the failure to extract damage and reliability information from monitoring data to assist bridge operators with their maintenance planning and activities. Supported by the European Space Agency under the Integrated Applications Promotion scheme, the project \u2018GNSS and Earth Observation for Structural Health Monitoring of Long-span Bridges\u2019 or GeoSHM aims to address some of these shortcomings (GNSS stands for Global Navigation Satellite System). In this paper, the background of the GeoSHM project as well as the GeoSHM sensor system on the Forth Road Bridge (FRB) in Scotland will be briefly described. The bridge response and wind data collected over a two-year period from 15 October 2015 to 15 October 2017 will be analysed to demonstrate the high susceptibility of the bridge to wind loads. Close examination of the data associated with an extreme wind event in 2018\u2014Storm Ali\u2014will be conducted to reveal the relationship between the wind speed and some monitored parameters such as the bridge response and modal frequencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11232799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T03:55:51Z","timestamp":1574826951000},"page":"2799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Application of GeoSHM System in Monitoring Extreme Wind Events at the Forth Road Bridge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2440-8054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1113-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinh Tung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5731-1577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John S.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9013-4317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Psimoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UbiPOS UK Ltd, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018, May 17). 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