{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T05:19:33Z","timestamp":1773897573019,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31671582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31671582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31971780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31971780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFD0300601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFD0300601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key projects (advanced technology) of Jiangsu province","award":["BE2019310265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2019310265"]}]},{"name":"the Qinghai Project of Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements","award":["2018-NK-126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-NK-126"]}]},{"name":"Xinjiang Corps Great Science and Technology Projects","award":["2018AA00403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018AA00403"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018522","name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCICMCP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCICMCP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018522","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the 111 project","award":["B16026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters, especially the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in dark- and light-adapted conditions (Fv\/Fm and Fv\u2019\/Fm\u2019), have been used extensively to indicate photosynthetic activity, physiological function, as well as healthy and early stress conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of applying hyperspectral data for the detection of ChlF parameters in vegetation. However, the performance of spectral features that have been documented to estimate ChlF is not ideal and is poorly understood. In this study, ChlF parameters and leaf reflectance were collected in two field experiments involving various wheat cultivars, nitrogen (N) applications, and plant densities, during the growing seasons of 2014 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016. Three types of spectral features, including vegetation indices (VIs), red edge position (REP), and wavelet features, were used to quantify ChlF parameters Fv\/Fm and Fv\u2019\/Fm\u2019. The results indicated that traditional chlorophyll fluorescence vegetation indices (ChlF VIs), such as the curvature index (CUR) and D705\/D722 were capable of detecting Fv\/Fm and Fv\u2019\/Fm\u2019 under various scenarios. However, the wavelet-based REP (WREP-S4) and the wavelet feature (WF) (704 nm, scale 4) yielded higher accuracy than other spectral features in calibration and validation datasets. Moreover, the bands used to calculate WREP-S4 and WF (704 nm, scale 4) were all centered in the red edge region (680 to 760 nm), which highlighted the role of the red edge region in tracking the change of active ChlF signal. Our results are supported by previous studies, which have shown that the red edge region is vital for estimating the chlorophyll content, and also the ChlF parameters. These findings could help to improve our understanding of the relationships among active ChlF signal and reflectance spectra.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11232838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T10:58:21Z","timestamp":1575025101000},"page":"2838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Quantifying Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters from Hyperspectral Reflectance at the Leaf Scale under Various Nitrogen Treatment Regimes in Winter Wheat"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, China"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, China"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Science (DISAT), Universit\u00e0 di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, China"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4184-0730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-2404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, China"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, China"}]},{"given":"Changjun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Basic Geographic Information Center, Qinghai 810000, China"}]},{"given":"Geli","family":"Ouer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Basic Geographic Information Center, Qinghai 810000, China"}]},{"given":"Hongying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Basic Geographic Information Center, Qinghai 810000, China"}]},{"given":"Chaokun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Basic Geographic Information Center, Qinghai 810000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00028527","article-title":"Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool in plant physiology: II. 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