{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:38:46Z","timestamp":1783384726240,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Multispectral Instrument (MSI) and the Operational Land Imager (OLI), respectively onboard Sentinel-2A\/2B and Landsat 8 satellites, thanks to their features especially in terms of spatial\/spectral resolution, represents two important instruments for investigating thermal volcanic activity from space. In this study, we used data from those sensors to test an original multichannel algorithm, which aims at mapping volcanic thermal anomalies at a global scale. The algorithm, named Normalized Hotspot Indices (NHI), combines two normalized indices, analyzing near infrared (NIR) and short wave infrared (SWIR) radiances, to identify hotspot pixels in daylight conditions. Results, achieved studying a number of active volcanoes located in different geographic areas and characterized by a different eruptive behavior, demonstrated the NHI capacity in mapping both subtle and more intense volcanic thermal anomalies despite some limitations (e.g., missed detections because of clouds\/volcanic plumes). In addition, the study shows that the performance of NHI might be further increased using some additional spectral\/spatial tests, in view of a possible usage of this algorithm within a known multi-temporal scheme of satellite data analysis. The low processing times and the straight forth exportability to data from other sensors make NHI, which is sensitive even to other high temperature sources, suited for mapping hot volcanic targets integrating information provided by current and well-established satellite-based volcanoes monitoring systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11232876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T04:30:35Z","timestamp":1575433835000},"page":"2876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["A Multi-Channel Algorithm for Mapping Volcanic Thermal Anomalies by Means of Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7590-5638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Marchese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l Analisi Ambientale, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo (Pz), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8184-5635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Genzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Basilicata, Via dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5890-3398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Osservatorio Etneo, Piazza Roma 2, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6709-8370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Falconieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l Analisi Ambientale, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo (Pz), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5542-5191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mazzeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l Analisi Ambientale, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo (Pz), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7619-6685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Pergola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l Analisi Ambientale, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo (Pz), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Infrared spectral returns and imagery of the Earth from space and their application to geological problems","volume":"4","author":"Gawarecki","year":"1965","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Ser. Am. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"441","article-title":"Satellite observation of effusive volcanism","volume":"23","author":"Williams","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br. Interplanet. Soc. 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