{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T01:42:27Z","timestamp":1775958147029,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013210","name":"Niemi-s\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20170014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20170014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013210","name":"Niemi-s\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20180031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["284931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["284931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003406","name":"Tekes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["70005\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70005\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Juho and Lempi Pitk\u00e4nen Fund","award":["69247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["69247"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The availability of light within the tree canopy affects various leaf traits and leaf reflectance. We determined the leaf reflectance variation from 400 nm to 2500 nm among three canopy layers and cardinal directions of three genetically identical cloned silver birches growing at the same common garden site. The variation in the canopy layer was evident in the principal component analysis (PCA), and the influential wavelengths responsible for variation were identified using the variable importance in projection (VIP) based on partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Leaf traits, such as chlorophyll, nitrogen, dry weight, and specific leaf area (SLA), also showed significant variation among the canopy layers. We found a shift in the red edge inflection point (REIP) for the canopy layers. The canopy layers contribute to the variability in the reflectance indices. We conclude that the largest variation was among the canopy layers, whereas the differences among individual trees to the leaf reflectance were relatively small. This implies that within-tree variation due to the canopy layer should be taken into account in the estimation of intraspecific variation in the canopy reflectance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11242884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T03:16:36Z","timestamp":1575515796000},"page":"2884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Leaf Canopy Layers Affect Spectral Reflectance in Silver Birch"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Maya","family":"Deepak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Keski-Saari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Fauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Granlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1866-736X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elina","family":"Oksanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0458-5520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markku","family":"Kein\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13096","article-title":"A worldwide analysis of within canopy variations in leaf structural, chemical and physiological traits across plant functional types","volume":"205","author":"Niinemets","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2007.01683.x","article-title":"Photosynthesis and resource distribution through plant canopies","volume":"30","author":"Niinemets","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"587","article-title":"Forest and Woodland Systems","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Shvidenko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Current State & Trends Assessment of the Millennium Assessment"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2260870","article-title":"Betula pendula Roth (B. verrucosa Ehrh) and B. pubescens Ehrh","volume":"80","author":"Atkinson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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