{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:53:07Z","timestamp":1760241187375,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014219","name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41825011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41825011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41807308","21777026","41641044","21477021","41275045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41807308","21777026","41641044","21477021","41275045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on the Langley method and the EuroSkyRad (ESR) pack retrieval scheme, we carried out the retrieval of the aerosol properties for the CE\u2013318 sunphotometer observation data from March 2012 to February 2014 in Kunming, China, and we explored the possible mechanisms of the seasonal variations. The seasonal variation of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) was unimodal and reached a maximum in summer. The retrieval analysis of the Angstrom exponent (\u03b1) showed the aerosol types were continental, biomass burning (BB), and urban\/industrial (UI); the content of the desert dust (DD) was low, and it may have contained a sea\u2013salt (SS) aerosol due to the influence of the summer monsoon. All the aerosol particle spectra in different seasons showed a bimodal structure. The maximum and submaximal values were located near 0.2 \u03bcm and 4 \u03bcm, respectively, and the concentration of the aerosol volume was the highest in summer. In summer, aerosol particles have a strong scattering power but a weak absorption power; this pattern is the opposite in winter. The synergistic effect of the East Asian monsoon and the South Asian monsoon seasonal oscillations can have an important impact on the variation of the aerosol properties. The oscillation variation characteristic of the total vertical columnar water vapor (CWV) and the monsoon index was completely consistent. The aerosol types and sources in the Yunnan\u2013Kweichow Plateau and the optical radiation properties were closely related to the monsoon circulation activities during different seasons and were different from other regions in China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11242911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T11:16:31Z","timestamp":1575544591000},"page":"2911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Aerosol Optical Radiation Properties in Kunming (the Low\u2013Latitude Plateau of China) and Their Relationship to the Monsoon Circulation Index"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Haoyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Airlines Limited Liability Company (Tianjin Airlines Ltd.), Tianjin 300000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Meteorological Information Center, Kunming 650032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9458-3387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huizheng","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW) and 1Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianchun","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xunhao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuehua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuzhu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12067","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD900014","article-title":"An emerging ground\u2013based aerosol climatology: Aerosol optical depth from AERONET","volume":"106","author":"Holben","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di, H.G., Wang, Q.Y., Hua, H.B., Li, S.W., Yan, Q., Liu, J.J., Song, Y.H., and Hua, D.X. (2018). Aerosol Microphysical Particle Parameter Inversion and Error Analysis Based on Remote Sensing Data. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10111753"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stachlewska, I.S., Samson, M., Zawadzka, O., Harenda, K.M., Janicka, L., Poczta, P., Janicka, L., Poczta, P., Szczepanik, D., and Heese, B. (2018). Modification of Local Urban Aerosol Properties by Long\u2013Range Transport of Biomass Burning Aerosol. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10030412"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Li, Z.Q., Liu, Z.H., Zhang, J., Qie, L.L., Xie, Y.S., Hou, W.Z., Wang, Y.Q., and Ye, Z.X. (2018). Retrieval of the Fine\u2013Mode Aerosol Optical Depth over East China Using a Grouped Residual Error Sorting (GRES) Method from Multi\u2013Angle and Polarized Satellite Data. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10111838"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Estell\u00e9s, V., Campanelli, M., Exp\u00f3sito, F., Utrillas, M., and Mart\u00ednez\u2013Lozano, J. (2012). Aerosol Radiative Forcing in the European Skynet Radiometers Network, European Geosciences Union. Available online: https:\/\/meetingorganizer.copernicus.org\/EGU2012\/EGU2012-10204.pdf."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, X.L., Cao, J.J., Li, Z.Q., Li, K.T., Xu, H., Liu, S.X., and Fan, X.H. (2018). Multi\u2013Year Analyses of Columnar Aerosol Opticaland Microphysical Properties in Xi\u2019an, a Megacity inNorthwestern China. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10081169"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z.B., Roy, D.P., Zhang, H.K., Vermote, E.F., and Huang, H.Y. (2019). Vermote and Haiyan Huang, Evaluation of Landsat\u20138 and Sentinel\u20132A Aerosol Optical Depth Retrievals across Chinese Cities and Implications for Medium Spatial Resolution Urban Aerosol Monitoring. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11020122"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., and Li, J. (2019). Variability of Major Aerosol Types in China Classified Using AERONET Measurements. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11202334"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6992","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD023360","article-title":"Comparison and evaluation of the MODIS Collection 6 aerosol data in China","volume":"120","author":"Tao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-2125-2014","article-title":"Column aerosol optical properties and aerosol radiative forcing during a serious haze\u2013fog month over North China Plain in 2013 based on ground\u2013based sunphotometer measurements","volume":"14","author":"Che","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, W.M., Liu, Y., Wang, L.C., Lin, A.W., Xia, X.G., Che, H.Z., Bilal, M., and Zhang, M. (2018). Characteristic and Driving Factors of Aerosol OpticalDepth over Mainland China during 1980\u20132017. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10071064"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McPhetres, A., and Aggarwal, S. (2018). An Evaluation of MODIS\u2013Retrieved Aerosol Optical Depth over AERONET Sites in Alaska. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10091384"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes, F.J.S., Silva, J.J., Marrero, J.C.A., Taha, G., and Landulfo, E. (2019). Synergetic Aerosol Layer Observation After the 2015 Calbuco Volcanic Eruption Event. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11020195"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(98)00031-5","article-title":"AERONET\u2014A Federated Instrument Network and Data Archive for Aerosol Characterization","volume":"66","author":"Holben","year":"1998","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2151\/jmsj.83A.291","article-title":"Characteristics of Aeolian dust observed by SKY\u2013Radiometer in the Intensive Observation Period 1 (IOP1)","volume":"83","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"40","article-title":"Aerosol and Cloud Validation System Based on SKYNET Observations: Estimation of Shortwave Radiation Budget Using ADEOS\u2013II\/GLI Data","volume":"29","author":"Takamura","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Remote Sens. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Wehrli, C. (2006, December 12). GAWPFR: A Network of Aerosol Optical Depth Observations with Precision Filter Radiometers. WMO\/GAW Experts Workshop on a Global Surface\u2013Based Network for Long Term Observations of Column Aerosol Optical Properties. Available online: https:\/\/library.wmo.int\/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11094#.XeYm625uKM9."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D03206","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JD011030","article-title":"Instrument calibration and aerosol optical depth validation of the China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network","volume":"114","author":"Che","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1697","article-title":"Introduction and Calibration of the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network","volume":"27","author":"Xin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-14-00039.1","article-title":"The Campaign on Atmospheric Aerosol Research Network of China: CARE\u2013China","volume":"96","author":"Xin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"D03302","article-title":"Aerosol analysis and forecast in the European Centre for Medium\u2013Range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecast System: 3. Evaluation by means of case studies","volume":"116","author":"Mangold","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Wang, L.C., Bilal, M., Gong, W., Zhang, Z.Y., and Guo, G.M. (2018). The Characteristics of the Aerosol Optical Depth within the Lowest Aerosol Layer over the TibetanPlateau from 2007 to 2014. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10050696"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, M., Kim, J., Torres, O., Ahn, C., Kim, W., Jeong, U., Go, S.J., Liu, X., Moon, K.J., and Kim, D.-R. (2018). Optimal Estimation\u2013Based Algorithm to RetrieveAerosol Optical Properties for GEMS Measurementsover Asia. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10020162"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Zhang, M., and Yao, Y.B. (2019). Multi\u2013Time Scale Analysis ofRegional AerosolOptical Depth Changes in National\u2013Level UrbanAgglomerations in China Using Modis Collection6.1 Datasets from 2001 to 2017. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11020201"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, C.A., Chen, Y.C., Liu, C.Y., Chen, W.T., Seinfeld, J.H., and Chou, C.C.-K. (2019). Satellite\u2013Derived Correlation of SO2, NO2, andAerosol Optical Depth with Meteorological Conditions over East Asia from 2005 to 2015. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11151738"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20673","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900282","article-title":"A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties from Sun and sky radiance measurements","volume":"105","author":"Dubovik","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2005.11.047","article-title":"Preliminary results of a non\u2013spherical aerosol method for the retrieval of the atmospheric aerosol optical properties","volume":"100","author":"Olmo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Estell\u00e9s, V., Smyth, T., Campanelli, M., and Utrillas, M. (2009, January 19\u201324). Development of an open source package for the processing of Sun\u2013sky photometric data in the European Skyrad Users network (ESR). Proceedings of the EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria. Available online: https:\/\/meetingorganizer.copernicus.org\/EGU2009\/EGU2009-10952.pdf."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"428","article-title":"Algorithm comparison of aerosol parameter retrieval from sunphotometer measurements","volume":"68","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Meteorol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.35.002672","article-title":"Use of sky brightness measurements from ground for remote sensing of particulate polydispersions","volume":"35","author":"Nakajima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"175","article-title":"A method for retrieving aerosol optical properties based on Sun photometer","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Environ. Opt."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-5-569-2012","article-title":"Comparison of AERONET and SKYRAD4.2 inversion products retrieved from a Cimel CE318 sunphotometer","volume":"5","author":"Campanelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Streets, D., Yarber, K., Woo, J., and Carmichael, G. (2003). Biomass burning in Asia: Annual and seasonal estimates and atmospheric emissions. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 17.","DOI":"10.1029\/2003GB002040"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2015.04.021","article-title":"High time and mass resolved PTR\u2013TOF\u2013MS measurements of VOCs at an urban site of India during winter: Role of anthropogenic, biomass burning, biogenic and photochemical sources","volume":"64","author":"Sahu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.07.005","article-title":"Water vapor variation and the effect of aerosols in China","volume":"165","author":"Gui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.022","article-title":"Analysis of water vapor effects on aerosol properties and direct radiative forcing in China","volume":"650","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2013.04.009","article-title":"Development of an integrating sphere calibration method for Cimel sunphotometers in China aerosol remote sensing network","volume":"13","author":"Tao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"297","article-title":"An Introductory Study on the Calibration of CE318 Sunphotometer","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Giglio, L. (2013, December 30). MODIS Collection 5 Active Fire Product User\u2019s Guide Version 2.5. Available online: http:\/\/modis-fire.umd.edu\/files\/MODIS_Fire_Users_Guide_2.5.pdf."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"615","article-title":"Optical Depth Characteristics of Yinchuan Atmospheric Aerosols Based on the CE\u2013318 Sun Tracking Spectrophotometer Data","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nanjing Inst. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"40","article-title":"Determination of Clear\u2013Sky Columnar Water Vapor Using Solar Radiometer","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci. Atmos. Sin."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"309","article-title":"Automatic ground\u2013based station for vicarious calibration","volume":"3221","author":"Schmechtig","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"13","article-title":"The Size Distribution and Aging of Natural Aerosols as Determined from Electrical and Optical Data on the Atmosphere","volume":"12","author":"Junge","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"156","article-title":"On the atmospheric transmission of Sun radiation and on dust in the air","volume":"11","year":"1929","journal-title":"Geografiska Annaler"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.40.002368","article-title":"Modified \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m exponent for the characterization of submicrometer aerosols","volume":"40","author":"Dubovik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18205","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900663","article-title":"Climatology of dust aerosol size distribution and optical properties derived from remotely sensed data in the solar spectrum","volume":"106","author":"Kaufman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18743","DOI":"10.1029\/92JD01303","article-title":"Aerosol optical depth retrievals over the Konza Prairie","volume":"97","author":"Bruegge","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1971)010<0703:TEOAAO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The Effect of Atmospheric Aerosols on Climate with Special Reference to Temperature near the Earth\u2019s Surface","volume":"10","author":"Mitchell","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meterol."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Liou, K.N. (2002). Animprint of Elsevier Science. An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation, Academic Press. [2nd ed.]. Available online: https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/books\/an-introduction-to-atmospheric-radiation\/liou\/978-0-12-451451-5."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16831","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD02110","article-title":"Modeling phase functions for dustlike tropospheric aerosols using a shape mixture of randomly oriented polydisperse spheroids","volume":"102","author":"Mishchenko","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1980)019<0515:APSDDT>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Aerosol Particle Size Distribution (0.1\u20131.0\u03bcm) during the Chinooks of 1979 over Calgary, Canada","volume":"19","author":"Mathai","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.26.001312","article-title":"Information content analysis of aerosol remote\u2013sensing experiments using singular function theory 1: Extinction measurements","volume":"26","author":"Viera","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3262","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.27.003262","article-title":"Information content analysis of aerosol remote\u2013sensing experiments using singular function theory 2: Scattering measurements","volume":"27","author":"Viera","year":"1988","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(00)00109-7","article-title":"Cloud\u2013screening and quality control algorithms for the AERONET database","volume":"73","author":"Smironv","year":"2000","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Yin, H. (1993). Atmospheric Radiology Foundation, China Meteorological Press."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"4139","article-title":"Aerosol Optical Properties during Different Air\u2013Pollution Episodes over Beijing","volume":"34","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"55","article-title":"Atmospheric Aerosols: Global Climatology and Radiative Characteristics","volume":"54","author":"Koepke","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003798","article-title":"Optical properties of mineral dust outbreaks over the northeastern Mediterranean","volume":"108","author":"Kubilay","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Sheng, P., Mao, J., and Li, J. (2003). Atmospheric Physic, Peking University Press."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Tang, X., Zhang, Y., and Shao, M. (2006). Atmospheric Environmental Chemistry, China Higher Education Press."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1029\/94GB02086","article-title":"Spatial and temporal distribution of tropical biomass burning","volume":"8","author":"Hao","year":"1994","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"AAC 6-1","article-title":"Optical properties of boreal forest fire smoke derived from Sun photometry","volume":"107","author":"Eck","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusa.v16i1.8885","article-title":"The parameters of atmospheric turbidity","volume":"16","year":"1964","journal-title":"Tellus"},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Seinfeld, J., and Pandis, S. (2012). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, WILEY. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AAC 5-1","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD000973","article-title":"A study of internal and external mixing scenarios and its effect on aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing","volume":"107","author":"Lesins","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"26","article-title":"Influence of carbon black morphology and surface activity on vulcanizate properties","volume":"208","author":"Hess","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rubber World"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/24\/2911\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:40:36Z","timestamp":1760190036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/24\/2911"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["rs11242911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11242911","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]}}}