{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T04:08:12Z","timestamp":1773461292521,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers","award":["U1606405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1606405"]}]},{"name":"the Key techniques for ocean and climate models programs","award":["2016ASKJ16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ASKJ16"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study focuses on the evaluation of global Haiyang-2A satellite scatterometer (HSCAT) operational wind products from 2012 to 2018. In order to evaluate HSCAT winds, HSCAT operational wind products were collocated with buoy measurements and rainfall data. Error varieties under different atmospheric stratification and rainfall conditions were taken into consideration. After data quality control, the average bias and root mean square error (RMSE) between buoys and HSCAT data were 0.1 m\/s and 1.3 m\/s for wind speed, and 1\u00b0 and 27\u00b0 for wind direction, respectively. Especially, the varieties of the wind direction difference change a lot under non-neutral atmospheric conditions. HSCAT wind speeds are overestimated with an increasing rainfall rate while wind directions tend to be perpendicular to buoys\u2019. In brief, the HSCAT wind product qualities are not stable during 2012 to 2018, especially for the data in 2015 and 2016. Atmospheric stratification and rain effects should be considered in wind retrieval and marine application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11242968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T03:20:16Z","timestamp":1576120816000},"page":"2968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of HY-2A Scatterometer Ocean Surface Wind Data during 2012\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8811-1973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Chaofang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Liu, L. 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