{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T10:23:58Z","timestamp":1769941438197,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["205121L166272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["205121L166272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BA 1150\/21-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA 1150\/21-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In remote areas with steep topography, such as the Tropical Andes, reliable precipitation data with a high temporal resolution are scarce. Therefore, studies focusing on the diurnal properties of precipitation are hampered. In this paper, we investigated two years of data from Micro-Rain Radars (MRR) in Cuenca, Ecuador, and Huaraz, Peru, from February 2017 to January 2019. This data allowed for a detailed study on the temporal precipitation characteristics, such as event occurrences and durations at these two locations. Our results showed that the majority of precipitation events had durations of less than 3 h. In Huaraz, precipitation has a distinct annual and diurnal cycle where precipitation in the rainy season occurred predominantly in the afternoon. These annual and diurnal cycles were less pronounced at the site in Cuenca, especially due to increased nocturnal precipitation events compared to Huaraz. Furthermore, we used a fuzzy logic classification of fall velocities and rainfall intensities to distinguish different precipitation types. This classification showed that nightly precipitation at both locations was predominantly stratiform, whereas (thermally induced) convection occurred almost exclusively during the daytime hours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11242985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T11:06:41Z","timestamp":1576148801000},"page":"2985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Precipitation Characteristics at Two Locations in the Tropical Andes by Means of Vertically Pointing Micro-Rain Radar Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3700-6022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jochen","family":"Seidel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4269-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Trachte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Environmental Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU), Cottbus-Senftenberg, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6206-075X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Orellana-Alvear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Departamento de Recursos H\u00eddricos y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010207, Ecuador"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Ambiental para el Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional Santiago Ant\u00fanez de Mayolo, Huaraz 02002, Peru"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7683-3768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rolando","family":"C\u00e9lleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Recursos H\u00eddricos y Ciencias Ambientales, and Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010207, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6559-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Bendix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ciro","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Ambiental para el Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional Santiago Ant\u00fanez de Mayolo, Huaraz 02002, Peru"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Huggel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128087","article-title":"Threats to Water Supplies in the Tropical Andes","volume":"312","author":"Bradley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/wat2.1105","article-title":"The changing water cycle: climatic and socioeconomic drivers of water-related changes in the Andes of Peru","volume":"2","author":"Drenkhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. 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