{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:19:26Z","timestamp":1770895166164,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Project of China","award":["No. 2016YFC0500300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2016YFC0500300"]}]},{"name":"the Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program","award":["No. 20170301001NY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20170301001NY"]}]},{"name":"the China Scholarship Council","award":["No. 201804910492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 201804910492"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Forest condition is the baseline information for ecological evaluation and management. The National Forest Inventory of China contains structural parameters, such as canopy closure, stand density and forest age, and functional parameters, such as stand volume and soil fertility. Conventionally forest conditions are assessed through parameters collected from field observations, which could be costly and spatially limited. It is crucial to develop modeling approaches in mapping forest assessment parameters from satellite remote sensing. This study mapped structure and function parameters for forest condition assessment in the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve (CMNNR). The mapping algorithms, including statistical regression, random forests, and random forest kriging, were employed with predictors from Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)-2, Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 satellite sensors, digital surface model of ALOS, and 1803 field sampled forest plots. Combined predicted parameters and weights from principal component analysis, forest conditions were assessed. The models explained spatial dynamics and characteristics of forest parameters based on an independent validation with all r values above 0.75. The root mean square error (RMSE) values of canopy closure, stand density, stand volume, forest age and soil fertility were 4.6%, 33.8%, 29.4%, 20.5%, and 14.3%, respectively. The mean assessment score suggested that forest conditions in the CMNNR are mainly resulted from spatial variations of function parameters such as stand volume and soil fertility. This study provides a methodology on forest condition assessment at regional scales, as well as the up-to-date information for the forest ecosystem in the CMNNR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11243004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T11:27:22Z","timestamp":1576236442000},"page":"3004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mapping Spatial Variations of Structure and Function Parameters for Forest Condition Assessment of the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9270-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA"}]},{"given":"Chunying","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"}]},{"given":"Bai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9865-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"},{"name":"National Earth System Science Data Center, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Yeqiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2015). 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