{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T15:45:40Z","timestamp":1782575140277,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,14]],"date-time":"2019-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Launched on 5 June 2019, the BuFeng-1 A\/B twin satellites were part of the first Chinese global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) satellite mission. In this letter, a brief introduction of the BF-1 mission and its preliminary results of sea surface wind retrieval are presented. Empirical fully developed sea (FDS) geophysical model functions (GMFs) relating the normalized bistatic radar cross-section to the sea surface wind speed are proposed for the BF-1 GNSS-R instruments. The FDS GMFs are derived from the collocated BF-1 observations, the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data, and the advanced scatterometer (ASCAT) satellite observations. The preliminary tests reveal that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the derived wind speed and the reanalysis is 2.63 m\/s for wind speeds in the range of 0.5\u201340.5 m\/s. Further comparisons with the ASCAT observations and mooring buoys show that the RMSEs are 2.04 m\/s and 1.77 m\/s, respectively, at low-to-moderate wind speeds. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of BF-1 and provides a basis for the future GMF development of the BF-1 A\/B mission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11243013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T05:19:38Z","timestamp":1576473578000},"page":"3013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Sea Surface Wind Speed Retrieval from the First Chinese GNSS-R Mission: Technique and Preliminary Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0106-6506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology (Xi\u2019an), Xi\u2019an 710101, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinliang","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology (Xi\u2019an), Xi\u2019an 710101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongdi","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology (Xi\u2019an), Xi\u2019an 710101, China"},{"name":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology and Space Microwaves, Xi\u2019an 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DFH Satellite Co. Ltd., Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9920-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Earth Observation, Sanya 572029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall, C., and Cordey, R. (1988, January 12\u201316). Multistatic scatterometry. 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