{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T12:10:11Z","timestamp":1774354211765,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41675097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41675097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41375113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41375113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61802424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61802424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019JJ50733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JJ50733"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>FengYun-4A (FY-4A)\u2019s Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) is the first hyperspectral infrared sounder on board a geostationary satellite, enabling the collection of infrared detection data with high temporal and spectral resolution. As clouds have complex spectral characteristics, and the retrieval of atmospheric profiles incorporating clouds is a significant problem, it is often necessary to undertake cloud detection before further processing procedures for cloud pixels when infrared hyperspectral data is entered into assimilation system. In this study, we proposed machine-learning-based cloud detection models using two kinds of GIIRS channel observation sets (689 channels and 38 channels) as features. Due to differences in surface cover and meteorological elements between land and sea, we chose logistic regression (lr) model for the land and extremely randomized tree (et) model for the sea respectively. Six hundred and eighty-nine channels models produced slightly higher performance (Heidke skill score (HSS) of 0.780 and false alarm rate (FAR) of 16.6% on land, HSS of 0.945 and FAR of 4.7% at sea) than 38 channels models (HSSof 0.741 and FAR of 17.7% on land, HSS of 0.912 and FAR of 7.1% at sea). By comparing visualized cloud detection results with the Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) cloud images, the proposed method has a good ability to identify clouds under circumstances such as typhoons, snow covered land, and bright broken clouds. In addition, compared with the collocated Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager (AGRI)-GIIRS cloud detection method, the machine learning cloud detection method has a significant advantage in time cost. This method is not effective for the detection of partially cloudy GIIRS\u2019s field of views, and there are limitations in the scope of spatial application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11243035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T02:59:01Z","timestamp":1576551541000},"page":"3035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Cloud Detection from FY-4A\u2019s Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder Using Machine Learning Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6420-3171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, Changsha 410073, China"}]},{"given":"Tengling","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"332","article-title":"Atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) on the earth observing system","volume":"2583","author":"Aumann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. 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