{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:32:52Z","timestamp":1762299172752,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010751","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico, Tecnol\u00f3gico y de Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["219-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["219-2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sustainable management of non-timber forest products such as palm fruits is crucial for the long-term conservation of intact forest. A major limitation to expanding sustainable management of palms has been the need for precise information about the resources at scales of tens to hundreds of hectares, while typical ground-based surveys only sample small areas. In recent years, small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become an important tool for mapping forest areas as they are cheap and easy to transport, and they provide high spatial resolution imagery of remote areas. We developed an object-based classification workflow for RGB UAV imagery which aims to identify and delineate palm tree crowns in the tropical rainforest by combining image processing and GIS functionalities using color and textural information in an integrative way to show one of the potential uses of UAVs in tropical forests. Ten permanent forest plots with 1170 reference palm trees were assessed from October to December 2017. The results indicate that palm tree crowns could be clearly identified and, in some cases, quantified following the workflow. The best results were obtained using the random forest classifier with an 85% overall accuracy and 0.82 kappa index.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12010009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T03:15:01Z","timestamp":1577070901000},"page":"9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Identifying and Quantifying the Abundance of Economically Important Palms in Tropical Moist Forest Using UAV Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4152-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ximena","family":"Tagle Casapia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n en Manejo Integral del Bosque y Servicios Eco sist\u00e9micos - PROBOSQUES, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazon\u00eda Peruana (IIAP), Av. A. Qui\u00f1ones Km. 2.5. Iquitos 16007, Peru"},{"name":"Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University &amp; Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 06708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8490-3255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Falen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n en Manejo Integral del Bosque y Servicios Eco sist\u00e9micos - PROBOSQUES, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazon\u00eda Peruana (IIAP), Av. A. Qui\u00f1ones Km. 2.5. Iquitos 16007, Peru"}]},{"given":"Harm","family":"Bartholomeus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University &amp; Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 06708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4409-6820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Gesti\u00f3n del Conocimiento e Investigaci\u00f3n en Informaci\u00f3n de Diversidad Amaz\u00f3nica - GESCON, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazon\u00eda Peruana (IIAP), Av. A Qui\u00f1ones Km. 2.5. Iquitos 16007, Peru"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n en Manejo Integral del Bosque y Servicios Eco sist\u00e9micos - PROBOSQUES, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazon\u00eda Peruana (IIAP), Av. A. Qui\u00f1ones Km. 2.5. Iquitos 16007, Peru"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Herold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University &amp; Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 06708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Eur\u00eddice N.","family":"Honorio Coronado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n en Manejo Integral del Bosque y Servicios Eco sist\u00e9micos - PROBOSQUES, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazon\u00eda Peruana (IIAP), Av. A. Qui\u00f1ones Km. 2.5. Iquitos 16007, Peru"}]},{"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcr146","article-title":"Geographical ecology of the palms (Arecaceae): Determinants of diversity and distributions across spatial scales","volume":"108","author":"Eiserhardt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-11-48","article-title":"Tropical rain forest evolution: Palms as a model group","volume":"11","author":"Couvreur","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, N. (2015). Palms and People in the Amazon, Springer International Publishing. 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