{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T02:25:00Z","timestamp":1768789500889,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41504005, 41731066, 41790445, 41674001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41504005, 41731066, 41790445, 41674001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310826171005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310826171005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2016M602741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M602741"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2019JM-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JM-2025"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2017BSHEDZZ20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017BSHEDZZ20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the Zhaotong\u2013Ludian fault is a seismically active zone located in the boundary between the Sichuan\u2013Yunnan block and the South China block, it has not experienced a large earthquake greater than Mw 7 since at least 1700. On 3 August, 2014, an Mw 6.1 earthquake (the Ludian earthquake) ruptured the Zhaotong active belt in Ludian County, Yunnan province, China. This earthquake was the largest earthquake recorded in the region since 2000, and it provides us with a unique opportunity to study the active tectonics in the region. The analysis of the aftershocks showed that two conjugate faults could have been involved in the event. We first used Global Positioning System (GPS) data and C-band RADARSAT-2 imagery to map the coseismic surface deformation. We then inverted the derived coseismic deformation for the slip distribution based on the constructed conjugate fault model. Finally, the coulomb failure stress due to the Ludian earthquake was estimated to investigate the potential seismic hazards in this region. Our investigations showed that the Ludian earthquake was mainly a bilateral rupture event. The major slip of the main shock was located at depths of 0\u20135 km, which is close but does not superpose with the aftershocks that are mostly located at depths of 5\u201320 km. Interestingly, the seismic moment released by the aftershocks (6.9 \u00d7 1018 N\u2219m) was greater than that of the main shock (2.6 \u00d7 1018 N\u2219m). This evidence suggests that the accumulated elastic strain at depths of 0\u201320 km could have been fully released by the Ludian earthquake and its subsequent aftershocks. Furthermore, our analysis of the coulomb failure stress changes due to the main shock showed that the aftershocks could be the result of dynamic triggering rather than static triggering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12010099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T11:42:47Z","timestamp":1577446967000},"page":"99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The 2014 Mw 6.1 Ludian Earthquake: The Application of RADARSAT-2 SAR Interferometry and GPS for this Conjugated Ruptured Event"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yufen","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8613-1479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6034-3062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9181-1818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6314-1343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1360\/03dz0017","article-title":"Pattern of latest tectonic motion and its dynamics for active blocks in Sichuan-Yunnan region, China","volume":"46","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sci. 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