{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T20:43:28Z","timestamp":1782333808948,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The research was funded by United Fund of Karst Science Research Center","award":["U1612441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1612441"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research &amp; Development Program of China","award":["2016YFC0502102 & 2016YFC0502300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0502102 & 2016YFC0502300"]}]},{"name":"&quot;Western light&quot; Talent Training Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["Class A 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Class A 2018"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Services Network Initiative Plan","award":["KFJ-STS-ZDTP-036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFJ-STS-ZDTP-036"]}]},{"name":"International Cooperation Agency International Partnership Program","award":["132852KYSB20170029, 2014-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["132852KYSB20170029, 2014-3"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou High-level Innovative Talent Training Program &quot;Ten&quot; Level Talents Program","award":["2016-5648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-5648"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41571130074 & 41571130042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41571130074 & 41571130042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan of Guizhou Province of China","award":["2017\u20132966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\u20132966"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spatialization of soil formation rate (SFR) is always a difficult problem in soil genesis. In this study, the dissolution rate in karst areas of China during the period 1983\u20132015 was estimated on the basis of geospatial analysis techniques and detection of variation via the law of chemical thermodynamics in conjunction with long-term serial ecohydrology data. SFR at different lithological backgrounds was calculated on the basis of the content of acid-insoluble substances. Results showed that the spatial dissolution rate of carbonate rock ranges between 0 and 106 mm\/ka, averaged at 22.51 mm\/ka, and the SFR ranges between 10 and 134.93 t km\u22122 yr\u22121, averaged at 18.59 t km\u22122 yr\u22121. The dissolution rate and SFR exhibit a slight increasing trend with 0.04 mm\/ka and 0.003 t km\u22122 yr\u22121, respectively. The risk for soil erosion was reevaluated on the basis of the SFR results, and the area with erosion risk and the ecologically safe area were corrected. Results indicated that the area with erosion risk is four times higher than the ecologically safe area. This study will hopefully instigate and facilitate the application and popularization of geospatial analysis technology to the research field of rock weathering and soil formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12010121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T04:43:03Z","timestamp":1578026583000},"page":"121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Change Detection of Soil Formation Rate in Space and Time Based on Multi Source Data and Geospatial Analysis Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sate Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sate Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China"},{"name":"Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9705-5574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sate Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangjie","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo-Engineering Investigation Institute of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichao","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, Beibu Gulf University, Guangxi 530000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sate Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sate Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China"},{"name":"Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China"},{"name":"School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sate Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China"},{"name":"Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China"},{"name":"School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-012-1621-3","article-title":"Introductory editorial: Advances in karst hydrogeology","volume":"65","author":"Andreo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. 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