{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T18:55:06Z","timestamp":1772909706674,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China","award":["BK20171286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20171286"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2015BAD01B03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015BAD01B03"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province, China","award":["BE2015337-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2015337-11"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), China","award":["2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate and timely information on soil salinity is crucial for vegetation growth and agricultural productivity in coastal regions. This study investigates the potential of using Wifi POGO, an in situ electromagnetic sensor, for soil salinity assessment over saline coastal regions in eastern China. The sensor readings, soil moisture, and temperature-corrected apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) were used to generate models for EC1:5 (a surrogate for soil salinity) estimation. Two salty areas with distinct soil textures, sandy loam (Shuntai) and clay (Dongxin), were selected. This study revealed that the difference between soil salinity and the in situ measured soil ECa (i.e., EC1:5-ECa) had a strong curvilinear relationship with soil moisture. Such a relationship allows for the direct estimation of soil salinity from soil ECa with the aid of soil moisture information. Both ECa and soil moisture can be measured in situ using a Wifi POGO, a low-cost ground-based soil sensor. By using the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV), the achieved root mean square error (RMSE) and relative RMSE (RRMSE) in EC1:5 estimation were 0.0109 S\/m and 19.24% respectively in Shuntai, and 0.0157 S\/m and 16.05%, in Dongxin. This new method offers a simple, cost-effective and reliable tool for assessing soil salinity in dynamic coastal regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12020239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T04:06:51Z","timestamp":1578629211000},"page":"239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A New Approach for Estimating Soil Salinity Using A Low-Cost Soil Sensor In Situ: A Case Study in Saline Regions of China\u2019s East Coast"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8322-1316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A OC6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiahua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guisheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qigen","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ghassemi, F., Jakeman, A.J., and Nix, H.A. 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