{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:33:00Z","timestamp":1778603580399,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]],"date-time":"2020-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61501348 and 61801363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61501348 and 61801363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program","award":["2019GY-043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GY-043"]}]},{"name":"Joint Fund of Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["6141A02022338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6141A02022338"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M611912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M611912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"111 Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B08038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B08038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201806965031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201806965031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Passive localization is an important part of intelligent surveillance in security and emergency applications. Nowadays, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) have been widely deployed. As a result, the satellite signal receiver may receive multiple GPS signals simultaneously, incurring echo signal detection failure. Therefore, in this paper, a passive method leveraging signals from multiple GPS satellites is proposed for moving aerial target detection. In passive detection, the first challenge is the interference caused by multiple GPS signals transmitted upon the same spectrum resources. To address this issue, successive interference cancellation (SIC) is utilized to separate and reconstruct multiple GPS signals on the reference channel. Moreover, on the monitoring channel, direct wave and multi-path interference are eliminated by extensive cancellation algorithm (ECA). After interference from multiple GPS signals is suppressed, the cycle cross ambiguity function (CCAF) of the signal on the monitoring channel is calculated and coordinate transformation method is adopted to map multiple groups of different time delay-Doppler spectrum into the distance\u2013velocity spectrum. The detection statistics are calculated by the superposition of multiple groups of distance-velocity spectrum. Finally, the echo signal is detected based on a properly defined adaptive detection threshold. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. They show that the detection probability of our proposed method can reach 99%, when the echo signal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is only \u221264 dB. Moreover, our proposed method can achieve 5 dB improvement over the detection method using a single GPS satellite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12020263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T04:05:51Z","timestamp":1578888351000},"page":"263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Passive Detection of Moving Aerial Target Based on Multiple Collaborative GPS Satellites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9872-9710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingqian","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1554-3759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengkui","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foged, L.J., Saporetti, M., and Scialacqua, L. 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