{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:41:00Z","timestamp":1775770860465,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004613","name":"China Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DD20160075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DD20160075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004613","name":"China Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DD20189805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DD20189805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004613","name":"China Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DD20190511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DD20190511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Illegal open-pit mining causes environmental harm and undermines sustainable development. Conventional monitoring approaches such as field research and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery are time-consuming and labor-intensive, making large-scale monitoring difficult. In comparison, optical remote sensing imagery can cover large areas but is vulnerable to adverse weather conditions and is not sensitive to vertical ground changes. As open-pit excavation causes sudden changes in the scattering properties of ground objects along with dramatic vertical deformation, we evaluated the feasibility of using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) coherence to identify illegal mining activities. Our method extracts the coherence coefficient from two SAR images taken on different dates, applies thresholding and filtering to extract a decorrelation map, and then overlays this with legal mining boundaries and optical satellite images to identify illegal mining activities. For three test cases in southwestern Inner Mongolia, China, 49 legal mining sites were correctly detected (with an accuracy of 90.74%) as well as six illegal mining sites. Ground truthing confirmed the presence of ongoing activity at one of these sites. Our study shows that InSAR coherence is suitable for the identification of mining activities, and our method provides a new approach for the detection and monitoring of illegal open-pit mining.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12030367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T11:17:57Z","timestamp":1579691877000},"page":"367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Evaluating the Feasibility of Illegal Open-Pit Mining Identification Using Insar Coherence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shunyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mine Spatial Information Technologies of National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1865-602X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3987-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taofeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Institute of Geological Survey, Zhengzhou 450000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Satellite Navigation Office, Beijing 100034, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang Guang Satellite Technology Co. Ltd., Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-4207(02)00009-0","article-title":"Economic analysis of reform policies for small coal mines in China","volume":"27","author":"Shen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Resour. Policy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amankwah, H., Larsson, T., and Textorius, B. (2013). Open-pit mining with uncertainty: A conditional value-at-risk approach. 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