{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:42:16Z","timestamp":1771479736914,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA19070501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19070501"]}]},{"name":"fundamental program from the Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["2013FY111400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013FY111400"]}]},{"name":"International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["131C11KYSB20160061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131C11KYSB20160061"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41701087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41701087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41471067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41471067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Funds Provided to New Recruitments of Yunnan University","award":["YJRC3201702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJRC3201702"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The inner Tibetan Plateau is a glacierized region where glaciers show heterogeneous change. The Xinqingfeng and Malan ice caps are located in this region, and a transition zone exists with shifting influences between the westerlies and Indian summer monsoon. However, there is a lack of detailed information regarding glacier area and mass changes in this region before 2000. In the present study, we describe an integrated view of the glacier area and its mass changes for Mt. Xinqingfeng and Mt. Malan as derived from topographic maps, Landsat, ASTER, SRTM DEM, and TerraSAR-X\/TanDEM-X from 1970 to 2012 and from 1970 to 2018, respectively. Our results show that the glaciers experienced a slight shrinkage in area by 0.09 \u00b1 0.03% a\u22121 from 1970 to 2018 with a median mass loss rate of 0.22 \u00b1 0.17 m w.e. a\u22121 and 0.29 \u00b1 0.17 m w.e. a\u22121 between 1999 and 2012 at Mt. Xinqingfeng and Mt. Malan, respectively. The glaciers of Mt. Malan had a total mass loss of 0.19 \u00b1 0.14 m w.e. a\u22121 during the period 1970\u20131999. A minimum of seven glaciers at Mt. Xinqingfeng and Mt. Malan showed heterogeneous variations with either surging or advancing during the observation period. Among them, the West Monuomaha Glacier, Monuomaha Glacier, and Zu Glacier were identified as surging glaciers, and the others may also be surging glaciers, although more evidence is required. These glaciers showed a long active period and low velocities. Therefore, we suggested that thermal controls are important for surge initiation and recession.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12030421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T10:51:07Z","timestamp":1580295067000},"page":"421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Glacier Variations at Xinqingfeng and Malan Ice Caps in the Inner Tibetan Plateau Since 1970"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2160-8619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9625-7497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiyin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco\u2212Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2212Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongli","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9975-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghui","family":"Shangguan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2212Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9472-9342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junfeng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanqin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco\u2212Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5078-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junli","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7211-7249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shasha","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danni","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183188","article-title":"Climate change will affect the asian water towers","volume":"328","author":"Immerzeel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2999","article-title":"A spatially resolved estimate of high mountain asia glacier mass balances, 2000-2016","volume":"10","author":"Brun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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