{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:11:09Z","timestamp":1792789869219,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41930109\/ D010702, 41771455\/ D010702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41930109\/ D010702, 41771455\/ D010702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018M641407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M641407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program","award":["BJJWZYJH01201910028032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJJWZYJH01201910028032"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8182013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8182013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The long-term overexploitation of groundwater leads to serious land subsidence and threatens the safety of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH). In this paper, an interferometric point target analysis (IPTA) with small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) technique was used to derive the land subsidence in a typical BTH area from 2012 to 2018 with 126 Radarsat-2 and 184 Sentinel-1 images. The analysis reveals that the average subsidence rate reached 118 mm\/year from 2012 to 2018. Eleven subsidence features were identified: Shangzhuang, Beijing Airport, Jinzhan and Heizhuanghu in Beijing, Guangyang and Shengfang in Langfang, Wangqingtuo in Tianjin, Dongguang in Cangzhou, Jingxian and Zaoqiang in Hengshui and Julu in Xingtai. Comparing the different types of land use in subsidence feature areas, the results show that when the land-use type is relatively more complex and superimposed with residential, industrial and agricultural land, the land subsidence is relatively more significant. Moreover, the land subsidence development patterns are different in the BTH areas because of the different methods adopted for their water resource development and utilization, with an imbalance in their economic development levels. Finally, we found that the subsidence changes are consistent with groundwater level changes and there is a lag period between land subsidence and groundwater level changes of approximately two months in Beijing Airport, Jinzhan, Jingxian and Zaoqiang, of three months in Shangzhuang, Heizhuanghu, Guangyang, Wangqingtuo and Dongguang and of four months in Shengfang.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12030457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T03:18:48Z","timestamp":1580872728000},"page":"457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Land Subsidence Response to Different Land Use Types and Water Resource Utilization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chaofan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of mechanism, prevention and mitigation of land subsidence, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huili","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of mechanism, prevention and mitigation of land subsidence, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources 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Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of mechanism, prevention and mitigation of land subsidence, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of mechanism, prevention and 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of mechanism, prevention and mitigation of land subsidence, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, G., Zhang, Y., Zeng, R., Yang, Z., Chen, X., Zhao, F., and Meng, X. 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