{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T15:41:51Z","timestamp":1785166911277,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,2]],"date-time":"2020-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although there is a consensus that protected areas (PAs) can provide various ecosystem services, it is unclear whether protected areas effectively contribute to the preservation and enhancement of ecosystem services. We conducted a case study of the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve (HXNR) in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, in order to examine the effectiveness of PA in the conservation of ecosystem services. First, the dynamics of land use\/land cover (LULC) were analyzed based on remotely sensed data sets. Then, the ecosystem service value (ESV) in the PA and non-PA were evaluated using a modified benefit transfer method that had been adjusted using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Finally, hotspot analysis was implemented to reveal the ESV changes for the different districts of the PA. The results of the comparison experiment indicate that: (1) The ESV of the HXNR has considerably increased after it was designated as protected, which had been in decline in the previous stage. The ESVs in a near-by non-PA showed opposite results where the values initially increased but then dropped due to urban expansion and desertification. (2) The areas in HXNR with increased ESV significantly outnumbered the areas that had declining values from 1980 to 2018. For the non-PA, the areas that had increased ESV in 1980\u20131995 saw a decline in value in 1995\u20132008; moreover, new areas with decreasing ESV emerged in 2008\u20132018. (3) The HXNR was found to be more effective than non-PA in improving ecosystem services. (4) The core zone of the nature reserve demonstrated better effectiveness in ecosystem service preservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12030471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T03:18:48Z","timestamp":1580872728000},"page":"471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Do Protected Areas Improve Ecosystem Services? A Case Study of Hoh Xil Nature Reserve in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Spatial Planning and Human-Environmental System Simulation, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Earth Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Resource Management, School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanxu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Resource Management, School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Chape, S., Spalding, M., and Jenkins, M. 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