{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:22:24Z","timestamp":1778286144113,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61671425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61671425"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51809250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51809250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["2018CFA062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018CFA062"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Natural Science Fund for Innovation Groups","award":["2019CFA019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019CFA019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The generation of land cover maps with both fine spatial and temporal resolution would aid the monitoring of change on the Earth\u2019s surface. Spatio-temporal sub-pixel land cover mapping (STSPM) uses a few fine spatial resolution (FR) maps and a time series of coarse spatial resolution (CR) remote sensing images as input to generate FR land cover maps with a temporal frequency of the CR data set. Traditional STSPM selects spatially adjacent FR pixels within a local window as neighborhoods to model the land cover spatial dependence, which can be a source of error and uncertainty in the maps generated by the analysis. This paper proposes a new STSPM using FR remote sensing images that pre- and\/or post-date the CR image as ancillary data to enhance the quality of the FR map outputs. Spectrally similar pixels within the locality of a target FR pixel in the ancillary data are likely to represent the same land cover class and hence such same-class pixels can provide spatial information to aid the analysis. Experimental results showed that the proposed STSPM predicted land cover maps more accurately than two comparative state-of-the-art STSPM algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12030503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T03:18:48Z","timestamp":1580872728000},"page":"503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Spatio-Temporal Sub-Pixel Land Cover Mapping of Remote Sensing Imagery Using Spatial Distribution Information From Same-Class Pixels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8285-8446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation, Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation, Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6464-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giles M.","family":"Foody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation, Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9352-7853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation, Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0685-4897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation, Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/35012241","article-title":"Consequences of changing biodiversity","volume":"405","author":"Chapin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1111772","article-title":"Global consequences of land use","volume":"309","author":"Foley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1109\/36.975000","article-title":"Effect of spatial resolution on classification errors of pure and mixed pixels in remote sensing","volume":"39","author":"Hsieh","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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