{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T22:10:21Z","timestamp":1786659021712,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41874091, 41474061, and 41774094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41874091, 41474061, and 41774094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)","award":["G1323519314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G1323519314"]}]},{"name":"Open Research Fund Program of State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics","award":["SKLGED2019-2-5-E, SKLGED2019-3-2-E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLGED2019-2-5-E, SKLGED2019-3-2-E"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Evapotranspiration (ET) is usually difficult to estimate at the regional scale due to scarce direct measurements. This study uses the water balance equation to calculate the regional ET with observations of precipitation, runoff, and terrestrial water storage changes (TWSC) in nine exorheic catchments of China. We compared the regional ET estimates from a water balance perspective with and without considering TWSC (ETWB: ET estimates with considering TWSC, and ETPQ: ET estimates from precipitation minus runoff without considering TWSC). Results show that the regional annual ET ranges from 417.7 mm\/yr to 831.5 mm\/yr in the nine exorheic catchments based on the water balance equation. The impact of ignoring TWSC on calculating ET is notable, as the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of annual ET between ETWB and ETPQ range from 12.0\u2013105.8 mm\/yr (2.6\u201312.7% in corresponding annual ET) among the exorheic catchments. We also compared the estimated regional ET with other ET products. Different precipitation products are assessed to explain the inconsistency between different ET products and regional ET from a water balance perspective. The RMSEs between ET estimates from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and ET from land surface models can be reduced if the deviation of precipitation forcing data is considered. ET estimates from Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) can be improved by reducing the uncertainty of precipitation forcing data in three semiarid catchments. This study emphasizes the importance of considering TWSC when calculating the regional ET using a water balance equation and provides more accurate ET estimates to help improve modeled ET results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12030511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T02:59:18Z","timestamp":1580957958000},"page":"511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Evaluation of Evapotranspiration for Exorheic Catchments of China during the GRACE Era: From a Water Balance Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6172-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China"},{"name":"Artificial Intelligence School, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3815-5388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuna","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Navigation Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/2013WR014581","article-title":"Uncertainty in evapotranspiration from land surface modeling, remote sensing, and GRACE satellites","volume":"50","author":"Long","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Resour. 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