{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:48:43Z","timestamp":1769820523874,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Paul G. Allen\u2019s Vulcan Inc.","award":["1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000870","name":"John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coral reef ecosystems are under stress due to human-driven climate change and coastal activities. Satellite-based monitoring approaches offer an alternative to traditional field sampling measurements for detecting coral reef composition changes, especially given the advantages in their broad spatial coverage and high temporal frequency. However, the effect of benthic composition changes on water-leaving reflectance remains underexplored. In this study, we examined benthic change detection abilities of four representative satellite sensors: Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, Planet Dove and SkySat. We measured the bottom reflectance of different benthic compositions (live coral, bleached coral, dead coral with algal cover, and sand) in the field and developed an analytical bottom-up radiative transfer model to simulate remote sensing reflectance at the water surface for different compositions at a variety of depths and in varying water clarity conditions. We found that green spectral wavelengths are best for monitoring benthic changes such as coral bleaching. Moreover, we quantified the advantages of high spatial resolution imaging for benthic change detection. Together, our results provide guidance as to the potential use of the latest generation of multi-spectral satellites for monitoring coral reef and other submerged coastal ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12030532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T03:13:27Z","timestamp":1581045207000},"page":"532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The Sensitivity of Multi-spectral Satellite Sensors to Benthic Habitat Change"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jiwei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science (GDCS), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"}]},{"given":"Nicholas S.","family":"Fabina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science (GDCS), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Knapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science (GDCS), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"}]},{"given":"Gregory P.","family":"Asner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science (GDCS), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Accounting for ecosystem goods and services in coastal estuaries","volume":"1","author":"Wilson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Econ. Mark. Value Coasts Estuaries St."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-8198.2011.00462.x","article-title":"Coastal benthic habitat mapping to support marine resource planning and management in St. kitts and nevis","volume":"5","author":"Schill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geogr. Compass"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2112\/JCOASTRES-D-11-00002.1","article-title":"Mapping shallow coastal ecosystems: A case study of a rhode island lagoon","volume":"27","author":"Stolt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"44","article-title":"Impacts of fishing on tropical reef ecosystems","volume":"25","author":"Jennings","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1085706","article-title":"Global trajectories of the long-term decline of coral reef ecosystems","volume":"301","author":"Pandolfi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00562","article-title":"Land use impacts on coral reef health: A ridge-to-reef perspective","volume":"6","author":"Carlson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JG004179","article-title":"Effects of landcover, soil property, and temperature on covariations of DOC and CDOM in inland waters","volume":"123","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01361","article-title":"Coral record of increased sediment flux to the inner great barrier reef since european settlement","volume":"421","author":"McCulloch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(99)00009-9","article-title":"Ecological goods and services of coral reef ecosystems","volume":"29","author":"Moberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2017.06.002","article-title":"Snowpack enhanced dissolved organic carbon export during a variety of hydrologic of events in an agricultural landscape, midwestern USA","volume":"246","author":"Qiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1890\/08-2205.1","article-title":"Habitat degradation and fishing effects on the size structure of coral reef fish communities","volume":"20","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00303779","article-title":"Coral reef bleaching: Ecological perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Glynn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Coral Reefs"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152509","article-title":"Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification","volume":"318","author":"Mumby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.04.020","article-title":"Avoiding coral reef functional collapse requires local and global action","volume":"23","author":"Kennedy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111302","article-title":"Adaptive bathymetry estimation for shallow coastal waters using planet dove satellites","volume":"232","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madin, J.S., Hughes, T.P., and Connolly, S.R. (2012). Calcification, storm damage and population resilience of tabular corals under climate change. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046637"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mora, C., Andr\u00e9fou\u00ebt, S., Costello, M.J., Kranenburg, C., Rollo, A., Veron, J., Gaston, K.J., and Myers, R.A. (2006). Coral Reefs and the Global Network of Marine Protected Areas, American Association for the Advancement of Science.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125295"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08438","article-title":"Regional spatio-temporal trends in Caribbean coral reef benthic communities","volume":"402","author":"Schutte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1732","article-title":"Global assessment of modern coral reef extent and diversity for regional science and management applications: A view from space","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Andrefouet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 10th International Coral Reef Symposium"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2008.09.003","article-title":"Climate change and coral reef bleaching: An ecological assessment of long-term impacts, recovery trends and future outlook","volume":"80","author":"Baker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13481","article-title":"Species-specific responses to climate change and community composition determine future calcification rates of Florida keys reefs","volume":"23","author":"Okazaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251336","article-title":"Mechanisms of reef coral resistance to future climate change","volume":"344","author":"Palumbi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.12.003","article-title":"A physics based retrieval and quality assessment of bathymetry from suboptimal hyperspectral data","volume":"113","author":"Brando","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hedley, J., Roelfsema, C., Chollett, I., Harborne, A., Heron, S., Weeks, S., Skirving, W., Strong, A., Eakin, C., and Christensen, T. (2016). Remote sensing of coral reefs for monitoring and management: A review. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8020118"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2003.04.005","article-title":"Multi-site evaluation of IKONOS data for classification of tropical coral reef environments","volume":"88","author":"Kramer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00079","article-title":"Scaling up coral reef restoration using remote sensing technology","volume":"6","author":"Foo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-121916-063249","article-title":"Remote sensing tropical coral reefs: The view from above","volume":"10","author":"Purkis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/rse2.42","article-title":"Coral reef atoll assessment in the south China sea using planet dove satellites","volume":"3","author":"Asner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.07.014","article-title":"Coral reef applications of Sentinel-2: Coverage, characteristics, bathymetry and benthic mapping with comparison to landsat 8","volume":"216","author":"Hedley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00202-X","article-title":"Capabilities of remote sensors to classify coral, algae, and sand as pure and mixed spectra","volume":"85","author":"Hochberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Schill, S.R., Knapp, D.E., and Asner, G.P. (2019). Object-based mapping of coral reef habitats using planet dove satellites. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11121445"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.02.005","article-title":"Coral reef habitat mapping: A combination of object-based image analysis and ecological modelling","volume":"208","author":"Roelfsema","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2014.06.005","article-title":"Applying data fusion techniques for benthic habitat mapping and monitoring in a coral reef ecosystem","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.10.018","article-title":"Quantification of sawgrass marsh aboveground biomass in the coastal everglades using object-based ensemble analysis and landsat data","volume":"204","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9fou\u00ebt, S., Hochberg, E.J., Chevillon, C., Muller-Karger, F.E., Brock, J.C., and Hu, C. (2007). Multi-Scale Remote Sensing of Coral Reefs. Remote Sensing of Coastal Aquatic Environments, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-3100-7_13"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00338-003-0364-8","article-title":"Satellite observation of keppel islands (great barrier reef) 2002 coral bleaching using IKONOS data","volume":"23","author":"Elvidge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Coral Reefs"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2008.01.003","article-title":"Linking morphometric characterisation of rocky reef with fine scale lobster movement","volume":"63","author":"Lucieer","year":"2008","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.72.9.1037","article-title":"Benthic habitat mapping in tropical marine environments using QuickBird multispectral data","volume":"72","author":"Mishra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parsons, M., Bratanov, D., Gaston, K., and Gonzalez, F. (2018). UAVs, hyperspectral remote sensing, and machine learning revolutionizing reef monitoring. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072026"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"163","article-title":"Identifying coral bleaching remotely via coral reef watch\u2014Improved integration and implications for changing climate","volume":"61","author":"Strong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Coral Reefs Clim. Change Sci. Manag. Coast. Estuar. Stud."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.09.024","article-title":"Estimation of diffuse attenuation of ultraviolet light in optically shallow Florida Keys waters from MODIS measurements","volume":"140","author":"Barnes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2218818","article-title":"Combined Effect of reduced band number and increased bandwidth on shallow water remote sensing: The case of worldview 2","volume":"51","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.07.030","article-title":"Airborne mapping of benthic reflectance spectra with Bayesian linear mixtures","volume":"200","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4319\/lom.2011.9.396","article-title":"Intercomparison of shallow water bathymetry, hydro-optics, and benthos mapping techniques in Australian and caribbean coastal environments","volume":"9","author":"Dekker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2014.2377300","article-title":"High-resolution maps of bathymetry and benthic habitats in shallow-water environments using multispectral remote sensing imagery","volume":"53","author":"Eugenio","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.872909","article-title":"Multispectral bathymetry using a simple physically based algorithm","volume":"44","author":"Lyzenga","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4431","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2017.1421796","article-title":"Shallow water bathymetry mapping using support vector machine (SVM) technique and multispectral imagery","volume":"39","author":"Misra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.12.004","article-title":"Retrieval of nearshore bathymetry from Landsat 8 images: A tool for coastal monitoring in shallow waters","volume":"159","author":"Pacheco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2003.48.1_part_2.0547","article-title":"Determination of water depth with high-resolution satellite imagery over variable bottom types","volume":"48","author":"Stumpf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2006.06.026","article-title":"Mapping coral reef benthic substrates using hyperspectral space-borne images and spectral libraries","volume":"70","author":"Kutser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2003.48.1_part_2.0497","article-title":"Modeling spectral discrimination of Great Barrier Reef benthic communities by remote sensing instruments","volume":"48","author":"Kutser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00007-X","article-title":"Measuring and modeling water column effects on hyperspectral reflectance in a coral reef environment","volume":"81","author":"Holden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.5589\/m09-016","article-title":"Coral health monitoring: Linking coral colour and remote sensing techniques","volume":"35","author":"Leiper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4031\/002533202787914205","article-title":"Hyperspectral remote sensing and radiative transfer simulation as a tool for monitoring coral reef health","volume":"36","author":"Yamano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mar. Technol. Soc. J."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"(2017). Planet team planet application program interface: In space for life on earth. San Franc. CA, 2017, 40."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2014.894656","article-title":"Change detection of coral reef habitat using landsat-5 TM, landsat 7 ETM+ and landsat 8 oli data in the red sea (hurghada, egypt)","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s12601-015-0029-x","article-title":"Multisensor and multitemporal data from Landsat images to detect damage to coral reefs, small islands in the spermonde archipelago, indonesia","volume":"50","author":"Nurdin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocean Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.2112\/SI75-115.1","article-title":"Three-dimensional structure of coral reef boulders transported by stormy waves using the very high resolution worldview-2 satellite","volume":"75","author":"Collin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2017.03.015","article-title":"Remote sensing estimation of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in optically shallow waters","volume":"128","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8710","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.36.008710","article-title":"Absorption spectrum (380\u2013700 nm) of pure water. II. Integrating cavity measurements","volume":"36","author":"Pope","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.20.000177","article-title":"Optical properties of the clearest natural waters (200\u2013800 nm)","volume":"20","author":"Smith","year":"1981","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.38.003831","article-title":"Hyperspectral remote sensing for shallow waters. 2. Deriving bottom depths and water properties by optimization","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6329","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.37.006329","article-title":"Hyperspectral remote sensing for shallow waters. I. A semianalytical model","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7163","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JC000319","article-title":"Bio-optical properties of oceanic waters: A reappraisal","volume":"106","author":"Morel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Oceans"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31033","DOI":"10.1029\/98JC02712","article-title":"Variations of light absorption by suspended particles with chlorophyll a concentration in oceanic (case 1) waters: Analysis and implications for bio-optical models","volume":"103","author":"Bricaud","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.09.014","article-title":"Spatio-temporal variations of CDOM in shallow inland waters from a semi-analytical inversion of Landsat-8","volume":"218","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.11.014","article-title":"Remote sensing retrievals of colored dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic carbon dynamics in North American estuaries and their margins","volume":"205","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2016.1186852","article-title":"Mapping inland water carbon content with Landsat 8 data","volume":"37","author":"Kutser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.10.013","article-title":"Assessment of satellite ocean color products of MERIS, MODIS and SeaWiFS along the east China Coast (in the yellow sea and east China sea)","volume":"87","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"43.43","article-title":"The optical properties of water","volume":"2","author":"Mobley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Handb. Opt."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2005.09.003","article-title":"Characterizing the vertical diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance in coastal waters: Implications for water penetration by high resolution satellite data","volume":"60","author":"Mishra","year":"2005","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2016.01.014","article-title":"A structured light method for underwater surface reconstruction","volume":"114","author":"Sarafraz","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.04.033","article-title":"Factors affecting the measurement of CDOM by remote sensing of optically complex inland waters","volume":"157","author":"Brezonik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, C., Lee, Z., and Franz, B. (2012). Chlorophyll aalgorithms for oligotrophic oceans: A novel approach based on three-band reflectance difference. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 117.","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JC007395"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JC000094","article-title":"Seasonal and nonseasonal variability of satellite-derived chlorophyll and colored dissolved organic matter concentration in the California current","volume":"106","author":"Kahru","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Oceans"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.07.005","article-title":"Uncertainty analysis of remote sensing of colored dissolved organic matter: Evaluations and comparisons for three rivers in North America","volume":"84","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s003380000086","article-title":"Bleaching of corals on the Great Barrier Reef: Differential susceptibilities among taxa","volume":"19","author":"Marshall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Coral Reefs"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.08.007","article-title":"Global cloud cover for assessment of optical satellite observation opportunities: A HyspIRI case study","volume":"126","author":"Mercury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/3\/532\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:55:23Z","timestamp":1760172923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/3\/532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rs12030532"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12030532","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]}}}