{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T18:14:05Z","timestamp":1761156845193,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,23]],"date-time":"2020-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41601472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41601472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2017YFB0503901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB0503901"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) products have been widely used in estimating fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations near the surface at a regional scale, and perform well compared with ground measurements. However, the influence of limitations such as retrieval frequency and the spatial resolution of satellite AODs on the applicability of predicted PM2.5 values has been rarely considered. With three widely used MODIS AOD products, including Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC), Deep Blue (DB) and Dark Target (DT), here we evaluate the influence of their spatial resolution and sampling frequency by estimating daily PM2.5 concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region of northern China during 2017 utilizing a mixed effects model. The daily concentrations of PM2.5 derived from MAIAC, DB and DT AOD all have high correlations (R2: 0.78, 0.8, and 0.78) with the observed values, but the predicted annual PM2.5 exhibits a distinct spatial distribution. DT estimation obviously underestimates annual PM2.5 in polluted areas due to lower sampling of heavy pollution events. By contrast, the retrieval frequency (~40-60%) of MAIAC and DB AOD can represent well annual PM2.5 in nearly all 83 sites tested. However, MAIAC and DB-derived PM2.5 have a larger bias compared with observed values than DT, indicating that the large spatial variation of aerosol properties can exert an influence on the reliability of the statistical AOD-PM2.5 relationship. Also, there is notable difference between MAIAC and DB PM2.5 due to their different cloud screening methods. The MAIAC PM2.5 with high spatial resolution at 1 km can capture much finer hotpots than DB and DT at 10 km. Our results suggest that it is crucial to consider the applicability of satellite-predicted PM2.5 values derived from different aerosol products according to the specific requirements besides modeling the AOD-PM2.5 relationship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12040736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T03:33:43Z","timestamp":1582515223000},"page":"736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Influence of Spatial Resolution and Retrieval Frequency on Applicability of Satellite-Predicted PM2.5 in Northern China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangfu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources, Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing 100089, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lifei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.23.2810","article-title":"Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction","volume":"103","author":"Peters","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.9.1132","article-title":"Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonary Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution","volume":"287","author":"Iii","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12203","DOI":"10.1029\/2012JD017915","article-title":"Satellite observation of regional haze pollution over the North China Plain","volume":"117","author":"Tao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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