{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:55:33Z","timestamp":1787064933764,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Global warming is making extreme wave events more intense and frequent. Hence, the importance of monitoring the sea state for marine risk assessment and mitigation is increasing day-by-day. In this work, we exploit the ubiquitous seismic noise generated by energy transfer from the ocean to the solid earth (called microseisms) to infer the sea wave height data provided by hindcast maps. To this aim, we use a combined approach based on statistical analysis and machine learning. In particular, a random forest model shows very promising results in the spatial and temporal reconstruction of sea wave height by microseisms. The observed dependence of input importance from the distance sea grid cell-seismic station suggests how the reliable monitoring of the sea state in a wide area by microseisms needs data recorded by dense networks, comprising stations evenly distributed along the coastlines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12050761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1582773676000},"page":"761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Unravelling the Relationship Between Microseisms and Spatial Distribution of Sea Wave Height by Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0028-5822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cannata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali-Sezione di Scienze Della Terra, Corso Italia 57, I-95129 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo-Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma 2, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7550-8579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavio","family":"Cannav\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo-Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma 2, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Moschella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali-Sezione di Scienze Della Terra, Corso Italia 57, I-95129 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8153-9280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Di Grazia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo-Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma 2, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2724-4879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Nardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, CN-COS, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Orasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, CN-COS, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0126-7914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Picone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, CN-COS, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Ferla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, CN-COS, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Gresta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali-Sezione di Scienze Della Terra, Corso Italia 57, I-95129 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceano.2014.09.001","article-title":"Making coastal research useful \u2013 cases from practice","volume":"57","author":"Emeis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oceanol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2018.08.023","article-title":"Near real-time monitoring of significant sea wave height through microseism recordings: An application in the Ligurian Sea (Italy)","volume":"165","author":"Ferretti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. 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