{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:44:54Z","timestamp":1760237094418,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]],"date-time":"2020-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wy\u017cszego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WI\/WM\/12\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WI\/WM\/12\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes novel solutions for the application of air pollution monitoring systems in so called \u2018smart cities\u2019. A possibility of the implementation of a relatively dense network of wireless air pollution sensors that can collect and process data in real time was the motive behind our research and investigations. We discuss the concept of the wireless sensor network, taking into account the structure of the urban development in cities and we present a novel signal processing algorithm that may be used to control the communication scheme between particular sensors and an external network. We placed a special emphasis on the computational complexity to facilitate the implementation directly at the transistor level of particular sensors. The algorithm was verified using real data obtained from air pollution sensors installed in Krakow, Poland. To ensure sufficient robustness of the variability of input data, we artificially added high amplitude noise to the real data we obtained. This paper demonstrates the performance of the algorithm. This algorithm allows for the reduction of the noise amplitude by 23 dB and enables a reduction of the number of wireless communication sessions with a base station (BS) by 70%\u201380%. We also present selected measurement results of a prototype current-mode digital-to-analogue converter to be used in the sensors, for signal resolutions up to 7 bits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12050776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T03:13:28Z","timestamp":1583205208000},"page":"776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hardware Efficient Solutions for Wireless Air Pollution Sensors Dedicated to Dense Urban Areas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marzena","family":"Banach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Architecture and Spatial Planning, Poznan University of Technology, Nieszawska 13C, 61-021 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9153-5072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"D\u0142ugosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Telecommunication, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8607-7129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Pauk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Tala\u015bka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Telecommunication, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (2020, February 12). 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