{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:09:23Z","timestamp":1780445363272,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-term satellite climate data records (CDRs) of clouds and aerosols are used to investigate the aerosol indirect effect (AIE) of cirrus clouds over the global oceans from a climatology perspective. Our study focuses on identifying the sensitive regimes and active regions where AIE signatures easily manifest themselves in the sense of the long-term average of cloud and aerosol variables. The aerosol index (AIX) regimes of AIX &lt; 0.18 and 0.18 &lt; AIX &lt; 0.46 are respectively identified as the sensitive regimes for negative and positive aerosol albedos and lifetime effects of cirrus clouds. Relative humidity first decreases (along with upward motions) and then reverses to increase (along with downward motions) in the first regime of negative aerosol albedo and lifetime effects. Relatively wet and strong upward motions are the favorable meteorological conditions for the second regime of positive aerosol albedo and lifetime effects. Two swath regions extending from 15\u00b0N to 30\u00b0N over the east coastal oceans of China and the USA are the active regions of positive aerosol albedo effects. Positive aerosol lifetime effects are only active or easy to manifest in the regions where a positive aerosol albedo effect is active. The results based on the long-term averaged satellite observations are valuable for the evaluation and improvement of aerosol-cloud interactions for cirrus clouds in global climate models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12050823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T13:06:23Z","timestamp":1583240783000},"page":"823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Climatology Perspective of Sensitive Regimes and Active Regions of Aerosol Indirect Effect for Cirrus Clouds over the Global Oceans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6491-3907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuepeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), NOAA\/NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 21910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangqun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, 251 Fuller 13 Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew K.","family":"Heidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), NOAA\/NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Korak","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), NOAA\/NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 21910, USA"},{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234145","article-title":"Clarifying the dominant sources and mechanisms of cirrus cloud formation","volume":"340","author":"Cziczo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(2001)059<0647:PAEOIC>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Possible aerosol effects on ice clouds via contact nucleation","volume":"59","author":"Lohmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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