{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:08:45Z","timestamp":1762272525810,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"US Army Research Office and US Army Research Laboratory","award":["W911NF-11-1-0536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-11-1-0536"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present an enhanced imaging procedure for suppression of the rough surface clutter arising in forward-looking ground-penetrating radar (FL-GPR) applications. The procedure is based on a matched filtering formulation of microwave tomographic imaging, and employs coherence factor (CF) for clutter suppression. After tomographic reconstruction, the CF is first applied to generate a \u201ccoherence map\u201d of the region in front of the FL-GPR system illuminated by the transmitting antennas. A pixel-by-pixel multiplication of the tomographic image with the coherence map is then performed to generate the clutter-suppressed image. The effectiveness of the CF approach is demonstrated both qualitatively and quantitatively using electromagnetic modeled data of metallic and plastic shallow-buried targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12050857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]],"date-time":"2020-03-09T05:37:34Z","timestamp":1583732254000},"page":"857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Coherence-Factor-Based Rough Surface Clutter Suppression for Forward-Looking GPR Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5080-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Comite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1446-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fauzia","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1091-4928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Traian","family":"Dogaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0926-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moeness","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Communications, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pastorino, M. 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