{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T10:22:24Z","timestamp":1769854944694,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Precision viticulture benefits from the accurate detection of vineyard vegetation from remote sensing, without a priori knowledge of vine locations. Vineyard detection enables efficient, and potentially automated, derivation of spatial measures such as length and area of crop, and hence required volumes of water, fertilizer, and other resources. Machine learning techniques have provided significant advancements in recent years in the areas of image segmentation, classification, and object detection, with neural networks shown to perform well in the detection of vineyards and other crops. However, what has not been extensively quantitatively examined is the extent to which the initial choice of input imagery impacts detection\/segmentation accuracy. Here, we use a standard deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to detect and segment vineyards across Australia using DigitalGlobe Worldview-2 images at \u223c50 cm (panchromatic) and \u223c2 m (multispectral) spatial resolution. A quantitative assessment of the variation in model performance with input parameters during model training is presented from a remote sensing perspective, with combinations of panchromatic, multispectral, pan-sharpened multispectral, and the spectral Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) considered. The impact of image acquisition parameters\u2014namely, the off-nadir angle and solar elevation angle\u2014on the quality of pan-sharpening is also assessed. The results are synthesised into a \u2018recipe\u2019 for optimising the accuracy of vineyard segmentation, which can provide a guide to others aiming to implement or improve automated crop detection and classification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12060934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T08:20:44Z","timestamp":1584519644000},"page":"934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Impact of Pan-Sharpening and Spectral Resolution on Vineyard Segmentation through Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8952-1982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eriita G.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Learning Systems Laboratory, School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adealide, SA 5095, Australia"},{"name":"Consilium Technology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9786-6406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastien","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consilium Technology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Milton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consilium Technology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sclauzero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consilium Technology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Whittenbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consilium Technology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"McDonnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Learning Systems Laboratory, School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adealide, SA 5095, Australia"},{"name":"Consilium Technology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"Being Profitable Precisely\u2014A Case Study of Precision Viticulture from Margaret River","volume":"473","author":"Bramley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust. 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