{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T23:54:19Z","timestamp":1771631659247,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]],"date-time":"2020-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006280","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-093874-B-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-093874-B-100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006280","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGL2015-65602-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2015-65602-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006280","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGL2016-80687-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2016-80687-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Seismic and geodetic moment-rate comparisons can reveal regions with unexpected potential seismic hazards. We performed such a comparison for the Southeastern Iberia\u2014Maghreb region. Located at the western Mediterranean border along the Eurasia\u2013Nubia plate convergence, the region has been subject to a number of large earthquakes (M \u2265 6.5) in the last millennium. To this end, on the basis of available geological, tectonic, and seismological data, we divided the study area into twenty-five seismogenic source zones. Many of these seismogenic source zones, comprising the Western Betics, the Western Rif mountains, and the High, Middle, and Saharan Atlas, are characterized by seismic\/geodetic ratio values lower than 23%, evidencing their prevailing aseismic behavior. Intermediate seismic\/geodetic ratio values (between 35% and 60%) have been observed for some zones belonging to the Eastern Betics, the central Rif, and the Middle Atlas, indicating how crustal seismicity accounts only for a moderate fraction of the total deformation-rate budget. High seismic\/geodetic ratio values (&gt; 95%) have been observed along the Tell Atlas, highlighting a fully seismic deformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12060952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T08:20:44Z","timestamp":1584519644000},"page":"952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Geodetic Deformation versus Seismic Crustal Moment-Rates: Insights from the Ibero-Maghrebian Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7851-9545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Sparacino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo - Sezione di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7254-7855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mimmo","family":"Palano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo - Sezione di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6711-4147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Pel\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5745-3527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geosciences (CSIC, UCM), C\/ Doctor Severo Ochoa, 7, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2004.02465.x","article-title":"Seismic versus aseismic deformation in Iran inferred from earthquakes and geodetic data","volume":"160","author":"Masson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggx524","article-title":"An improved evaluation of the seismic\/geodetic deformation-rate ratio for the Zagros Fold-and-Thrust collisional belt","volume":"213","author":"Palano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B12310","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JB008213","article-title":"Seismic hazard in western Canada from GPS strain rates versus earthquake catalog","volume":"116","author":"Mazzotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1785\/0120040166","article-title":"Comparison of seismic and geodetic scalar moment rates across the Basin and Range Province","volume":"96","author":"Pancha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B08405","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JB002742","article-title":"Kinematics of the southwestern U.S. deformation zone inferred from GPS motion data","volume":"110","author":"Bos","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jog.2010.04.008","article-title":"Comparison of geodetic and seismic strain rates in Greece by using a uniform processing approach to campaign GPS measurements over the interval 1994\u20132000","volume":"50","author":"Rontogianni","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Geodyn."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JB011762","article-title":"Strain and rotation rate patterns of mainland Greece from continuous GPS data and comparison between seismic and geodetic moment release","volume":"120","author":"Chousianitis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2005.12.003","article-title":"Seismic potential of southern Italy","volume":"415","author":"Jenny","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2011.05234.x","article-title":"Strain and stress fields in the Southern Apennines (Italy) constrained by geodetic, seismological and borehole data","volume":"187","author":"Palano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GL059230","article-title":"Complete seismic release of tectonic strain and earthquake recurrence in the Apennines (Italy)","volume":"41","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1658","article-title":"Apparent Himalayan slip deficit from the summation of seismic moments for Himalayan earthquakes, 1500\u20132000","volume":"88","author":"Bilham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseaes.2017.01.034","article-title":"Earthquake recurrence in NW and central Himalaya","volume":"138","author":"Bungum","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Asian Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL067336","article-title":"Millenary Mw > 9.0 earthquakes required by geodetic strain in the Himalaya","volume":"43","author":"Stevens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggt085","article-title":"Seismic and aseismic deformation along the East African Rift System from a reanalysis of the GPS velocity field of Africa","volume":"193","author":"Doubre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"23","article-title":"Seismic moment and energy of earthquakes, and seismic Row of rock","volume":"1","author":"Kostrov","year":"1974","journal-title":"Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR Phys. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1983.tb02804.x","article-title":"Seismicity and rates of relative plate motion on the plate boundaries of western North America","volume":"72","author":"Hyndman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazzotti, S., and Adams, J. (2005). Rates and uncertainties on seismic moment and deformation in eastern Canada. J. Geophys. Res., 110.","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JB003510"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2113\/173.1.3","article-title":"How does the Alpine belt end between Spain and Morocco?","volume":"173","author":"Michard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. G\u00e9ol. France"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2003)031<0251:SEEATA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Simultaneous extensional exhumation across the Alboran Basin: Implications for the causes of late orogenic extension","volume":"31","author":"Platt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/226239a0","article-title":"Plate tectonics of the Mediterranean region","volume":"226","author":"McKenzie","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(71)90077-X","article-title":"Sur un mod\u00e8le explicatif de l\u2019arc de Gibraltar","volume":"12","author":"Andrieux","year":"1971","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"555","article-title":"The origin and tectonic history of the Alboran Basin: Insights from Leg 161 results","volume":"Volume 161","author":"Zahn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2015.08.040","article-title":"The diffuse plate boundary of Nubia and Iberia in the Western Mediterranean: Crustal deformation evidence for viscous coupling and fragmented lithosphere","volume":"430","author":"Palano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico, S. (2018). A seismogenic zone model for seismic hazard studies in northwestern Africa in Moment tensor solutions. A Useful Tool for Seismotectonics, Springer Natural Hazards.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-77359-9"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"CNIG (2013). Update of Seismic Hazard Maps of Spain, Centro Nacional de Informaci\u00f3n Geogr\u00e1fica."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02084921","article-title":"Multichannel seismic data imaging of inversion tectonics of the Alboran Ridge (western Mediterranean Sea)","volume":"12","author":"Bourgois","year":"1992","journal-title":"Geo Mar. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masana, E., Mart\u00ednez-D\u00edaz, J.J., Hern\u00e1ndez-Enrile, J.L., and Santanach, P. (2004). The Alhama de Murcia fault (SE Spain), a seismogenic fault in a diffuse plate boundary: Seismotectonic implications for the Ibero-Magrebian region. J. Geophys. Res., 109.","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JB002359"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2005.11.009","article-title":"Active faulting offshore SE Spain, (Alboran Sea): Implications for earthquake hazard assessment in the southern Iberian Margin","volume":"241","author":"Gracia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpetgeo.2007.05.004","article-title":"Alboran basin, Southern Spain. Part II: Neogene tectonic implications for the orogenic float model","volume":"25","author":"Ballesteros","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Petrol. Geol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1029\/TC005i006p00809","article-title":"Seismotectonics of the lower Cheliff basin: Structural background of the El Asnam (Algeria) earthquake","volume":"5","author":"Meghraoui","year":"1986","journal-title":"Tectonics"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meghraoui, M., and Pondrelli, S. (2012). Active faulting and transpression tectonics along the plate boundary in North Africa. Ann. Geophys., 55.","DOI":"10.4401\/ag-4970"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"EGU2013-1009","article-title":"Active deformation analysis and evaluation of earthquake hazard in Gafsa region (Southern Atlas of Tunisia)","volume":"15","author":"Bahrouni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Abstr."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Rabaute, A., and Chamot-Rooke, N. (2014). Active Tectonics of the Africa-Eurasia Boundary from Algiers to Calabria. Map at 1:500,000 Scale, Geosubsight."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maouche, S., Abtout, A., Merabet, N.E., A\u00effa, T., Lamali, A., Bouyahiaoui, B., and Ayache, M. (2013). Tectonic and Hydrothermal Activities in Debagh, Guelma Basin (Algeria). J. Geophys. Res., 409475.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/409475"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.05.009","article-title":"Recent tectonic activity of the Gafsa fault through morphometric analysis: Southern Atlas of Tunisia","volume":"338","author":"Deffontaines","year":"2014","journal-title":"Quat. Int."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"(2020, January 26). The SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue. Available online: www.emidius.eu\/SHEEC\/."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1785\/gssrl.78.6.614","article-title":"A catalog of main Moroccan earthquakes from 1045 to 2005","volume":"78","author":"Chourak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Seismol. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1785\/gssrl.81.5.732","article-title":"A unified catalog of main earthquakes for northern Algeria from a.d. 856 to 2008","volume":"81","author":"Hamdache","year":"2010","journal-title":"Seismol. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggz035","article-title":"Active deformation in Algeria from Continuous GPS measurements","volume":"217","author":"Bougrine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2011.05.048","article-title":"New GPS constrains on active deformation along the Africa-Iberia plate boundary","volume":"308","author":"Koulali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"311","article-title":"Deformaci\u00f3n s\u00edsmica y as\u00edsmica en la zona B\u00e9ticas-Rif-Albor\u00e1n","volume":"20","author":"Stich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Geol. Esp."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez Solares, J.M., and Mezcua, J. (2002). Seismic Catalog of the Iberian Peninsula (880 BC-1900), IGN. (In Spanish)."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00878576","article-title":"Intermediate and deep earthquakes in Spain","volume":"136","author":"Buforn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1785\/0120110022","article-title":"The 2010 Granada, Spain, deep earthquake","volume":"101","author":"Buforn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2011.05328.x","article-title":"Neotectonics of the SW Iberia margin, Gulf of Cadiz and Alboran Sea: A reassessment including recent structural, seismic and geodetic data","volume":"188","author":"Cunha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"(2020, January 26). International Seismological Centre. Available online: www.isc.ac.uk\/."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1029\/JB086iB04p02825","article-title":"Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity","volume":"86","author":"Dziewonski","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"1","article-title":"The global CMT project 2004\u20132010: Centroid-moment tensors for 13,017 earthquakes","volume":"200\u2013201","author":"Nettles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Earth Planet. Inter."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2016.03.013","article-title":"Imaging active faulting in a region of distributed deformation from the joint clustering of focal mechanisms and hypocentres: Application to the Azores-western Mediterranean region","volume":"676","author":"Lima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Pel\u00e1ez, J.A., Henares, J., Hamdache, M., and Sanz de Galdeano, C. (2018, January 18\u201321). An updated seismic model for northwestern Africa. Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, Greece."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009848714019","article-title":"Seismogenic potential and earthquake hazard assessment in the Tell Atlas of Algeria","volume":"4","author":"Aoudia","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Seism."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-1951(03)00234-8","article-title":"Seismic hazard in northern Algeria using spatially smoothed seismicity. Results for peak ground acceleration","volume":"372","author":"Hamdache","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-005-2708-5","article-title":"Updating the probabilistic seismic hazard values of Northern Algeria with the 21 May 2003 M 6.8 Algiers earthquake included","volume":"162","author":"Hamdache","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021294015027","article-title":"Stress fields in the Ibero-Maghrebian region","volume":"7","author":"Henares","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Seismol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2012.05.021","article-title":"Strain and stress fields along the Gibraltar Orogenic Arc: Constraints on active geodynamics","volume":"23","author":"Palano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gondwana Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1002\/2015TC003895","article-title":"Spatial variation of present-day stress field and tectonic regime in Tunisia and surroundings from formal inversion of focal mechanisms: Geodynamics implications for central Mediterranean","volume":"34","author":"Soumaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tectonics"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-1951(02)00368-2","article-title":"Paleostress evolution in the Moroccan African margin from Triassic to present","volume":"357","author":"Chotin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1029\/JB084iB05p02348","article-title":"A moment magnitude scale","volume":"84","author":"Hanks","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0700041337","article-title":"Estimation of the earthquake recurrence parameters for unequal observation observation periods for different magnitudes","volume":"70","author":"Weichert","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0840040974","article-title":"New empirical relationship among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement","volume":"84","author":"Wells","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.2478\/s11600-011-0012-6","article-title":"Statistical tools for maximum possible earthquake magnitude estimation","volume":"59","author":"Kijko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Geophys."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"EUREF (2020, January 26). Permanent GNSS Network. Available online: www.epncb.oma.be."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"CDDIS (2020, January 26). NASA\u2019s Archive of Space Geodesy Data, Available online: https:\/\/cddis.nasa.gov\/."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"(2020, January 26). UNAVCO. Available online: www.unavco.org."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Herring, T.A., King, R.W., Floyd, M.A., and McClusky, S.C. (2017). Introduction to GAMIT\/GLOBK, Release 10.7, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Available online: www-gpsg.mit.edu."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggu451","article-title":"On the present-day crustal stress, strain-rate fields and mantle anisotropy pattern of Italy","volume":"200","author":"Palano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6109","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JB013098","article-title":"ITRF2014: A new release of the international terrestrial reference frame modeling nonlinear station motions","volume":"121","author":"Altamimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2013.08.020","article-title":"Crustal deformation in eastern Betics from CuaTeNeo GPS network","volume":"608","author":"Khazaradze","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-014-0387-3","article-title":"Topo-Iberia project: CGPS crustal velocity field in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco","volume":"19","author":"Garate","year":"2015","journal-title":"GPS Solut."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jog.2017.10.002","article-title":"Active tectonics in Southern Portugal (SW Iberia) inferred from GPS data. Implications on the regional geodynamics","volume":"112","author":"Cabral","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geodyn."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1785\/0120140247","article-title":"Optimal interpolation of spatially discretized geodetic data","volume":"105","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0870051345","article-title":"Surface strain accumulation and the seismic moment tensor","volume":"87","author":"Savage","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stich, D., Mart\u00ednez-Solares, J.M., Cust\u00f3dio, S., Batll\u00f3, J., Mart\u00edn, R., Teves-Costa, P., and Morales, J. (2020). Seismicity of the Iberian Peninsula. The Geology of Iberia: A Geodynamic Approach, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-10931-8_3"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2007.03594.x","article-title":"Shallow afterslip following the 2003 May 21, Mw = 6.9 Boumerdes earthquake, Algeria","volume":"172","author":"Mahsas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B03305","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JB007654","article-title":"Stress transfer among en echelon and opposing thrusts and tear faults: Triggering caused by the 2003 Mw = 6.9 Zemmouri, Algeria, earthquake","volume":"116","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s10064-011-0361-z","article-title":"Recent seismicity of Central High Atlas and Ouarzazate basin (Morocco)","volume":"70","author":"Onana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turcotte, D., and Schubert, G. (2002). Geodynamics, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511807442"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-246x.1998.00556.x","article-title":"On the consistency of earthquake moment rates, geological fault data, and space geodetic strain: The United States","volume":"134","author":"Ward","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JB900281","article-title":"Lithospheric structure beneath the Alboran Basin: Results from 3D gravity modeling and tectonic relevance","volume":"105","author":"Comas","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(95)00178-6","article-title":"Heat flow in the Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean","volume":"263","author":"Polyak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-1951(98)00029-8","article-title":"Heat flow, heat production, and lithospheric thermal regime in the Iberian Peninsula","volume":"291","author":"Correia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-1951(97)00185-6","article-title":"Heat flow in the westernmost part of the alpine mediterranean system (The Rif, Morocco)","volume":"285","author":"Rimi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(77)90215-3","article-title":"On the regional variation of heat flow, geotherms, and lithospheric thickness","volume":"38","author":"Pollack","year":"1977","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-1951(01)00201-3","article-title":"3-D crustal structure of the extensional Granada Basin in the convergent boundary between the Eurasian and African plates","volume":"344","author":"Serrano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"TC2007","article-title":"Crustal rheology and seismicity in the Gibraltar Arc (western Mediterranean","volume":"27","author":"Soto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tectonics"},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez, P.J., Palano, M., and Fern\u00e1ndez, J. (December, January 30). Study of the present-day tectonics and seismogenetic sources of the Al-Hoceima region (Morocco) using GPS and MTINSAR. Proceedings of the Fringe 2009 Workshop, Frascati, Italy."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"159","article-title":"The large Algerian earthquakes (267 A.D.-2017)","volume":"29","author":"Kherroubi","year":"2017","journal-title":"F\u00edsica de la Tierra"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-8-721-2008","article-title":"The 1856 Djijelli (Algeria) earthquake and tsunami: Source parameters and implications for tsunami hazard in the Balearic Islands","volume":"8","author":"Roger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1785\/gssrl.75.3.360","article-title":"The Algiers, Algeria earthquake (Mw 6.8) of 21 May 2003: Preliminary report","volume":"75","author":"Hamdache","year":"2004","journal-title":"Seismol. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JB002334","article-title":"Seismic gaps and earthquakes","volume":"108","author":"Rong","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2012.11.006","article-title":"Seismotectonics and large earthquake generation in the Himalayan region","volume":"25","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gondwana Res."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1029\/95EO00198","article-title":"The generic mapping tools (GMT)","volume":"76","author":"Wessel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2018.07.007","article-title":"The World Stress Map database release 2016: Crustal stress pattern across scales","volume":"744","author":"Heidbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"TC1009","article-title":"Inversion of moment tensor focal mechanisms for active stresses around the microcontinent Iberia: Tectonic implications","volume":"27","author":"Cloetingh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tectonics"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1995.tb03540.x","article-title":"Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from travel times","volume":"122","author":"Kennett","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/6\/952\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:07:15Z","timestamp":1760173635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/6\/952"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["rs12060952"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12060952","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]]}}}