{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:26:56Z","timestamp":1784766416790,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2017YFD0600404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0600404"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The detection of individual trees in a larch plantation could improve the management efficiency and production prediction. This study introduced a two-stage individual tree crown (ITC) segmentation method for airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point clouds, focusing on larch plantation forests with different stem densities. The two-stage segmentation method consists of the region growing and morphology segmentation, which combines advantages of the region growing characteristics and the detailed morphology structures of tree crowns. The framework comprises five steps: (1) determination of the initial dominant segments using a region growing algorithm, (2) identification of segments to be redefined based on the 2D hull convex area of each segment, (3) establishment and selection of profiles based on the tree structures, (4) determination of the number of trees using the correlation coefficient of residuals between Gaussian fitting and the tree canopy shape described in each profile, and (5) k-means segmentation to obtain the point cloud of a single tree. The accuracy was evaluated in terms of correct matching, recall, precision, and F-score in eight plots with different stem densities. Results showed that the proposed method significantly increased ITC detections compared with that of using only the region growing algorithm, where the correct matching rate increased from 73.5% to 86.1%, and the recall value increased from 0.78 to 0.89.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12071078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T03:44:13Z","timestamp":1585712653000},"page":"1078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Individual Tree Crown Segmentation of a Larch Plantation Using Airborne Laser Scanning Data Based on Region Growing and Canopy Morphology Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6597-2298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"},{"name":"Department of Environment and Natural Resource, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9760-6580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0232-8862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6377-1094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bowei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3083-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"},{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Weinacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Natural Resource, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Natural Resource, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sakurai, S. 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