{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T10:45:38Z","timestamp":1764240338084,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LP170100108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LP170100108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is commonly the material of choice for covered anaerobic lagoons (CAL) at wastewater treatment plants. The membrane floats on the wastewater, and hence is called a \u201cfloating cover\u201d, and is used for odour control and to harvest the methane-rich biogas as a renewable resource to generate electricity. The floating cover is an expensive and high-value asset that demands an efficient methodology for the determination of a set of engineering quantities for structural integrity assessment. Given the dynamics of the anaerobic activities under the floating cover, the state of deformation of the floating cover is an engineering measurand that is useful for its structural health assessment. A non-contact measurement strategy is preferred as it offers practical and safety-related benefits over other methods. In collaboration with Melbourne Water Corporation (MWC), an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted photogrammetry approach was developed to address this need. Following the definition of the appropriate flight parameters required to quantify the state of deformation of the cover, a series of periodic flights were operated over the very large floating covers at MWC\u2019s Western Treatment Plant (WTP) at Werribee, Victoria, Australia. This paper aims to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of this inspection technique to determine the state of deformation of the floating covers measured over a ten-month period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12071118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T11:57:14Z","timestamp":1585828634000},"page":"1118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Remote Monitoring of Floating Covers Using UAV Photogrammetry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3227-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical &amp; Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0991-4293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin Steven","family":"Vien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical &amp; Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical &amp; Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Water Corporation, Docklands, VIC 3008, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Courtney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Water Corporation, Docklands, VIC 3008, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayantha","family":"Kodikara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing Kong","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical &amp; Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019, December 17). \u201cSewage Treatment Process at Western Treatment Plant\u201d, Melbourne Water, 30 October 2019. 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