{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T19:04:04Z","timestamp":1786475044777,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]],"date-time":"2020-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["terra-aster"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["terra-aster"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a 14-channel imaging instrument operating on NASA\u2019s Terra satellite since 1999. ASTER\u2019s visible\u2013near infrared (VNIR) instrument, with three bands and a 15 m Instantaneous field of view (IFOV), is accompanied by an additional band using a second, backward-looking telescope. Collecting along-track stereo pairs, the geometry produces a base-to-height ratio of 0.6. In August 2019, the ASTER Science Team released Version 3 of the global DEM (GDEM) based on stereo correlation of 1.8 million ASTER scenes. The DEM has 1 arc-second latitude and longitude postings (~30 m) and employed cloud masking to avoid cloud-contaminated pixels. Custom software was developed to reduce or eliminate artifacts found in earlier GDEM versions, and to fill holes due to the masking. Each 1\u00d71 degree GDEM tile was manually inspected to verify the completeness of the anomaly removal, which was generally excellent except across some large ice sheets. The GDEM covers all of the Earth\u2019s land surface from 83 degrees north to 83 degrees south latitude. This is a unique, global high spatial resolution digital elevation dataset available to all users at no cost. In addition, a second unique dataset was produced and released. The raster-based ASTER Global Water Body Dataset (ASTWBD) identifies the presence of permanent water bodies, and marks them as ocean, lake, or river. An accompanying DEM file indicates the elevation for each water pixel. To date, over 100 million 1\u00d71 degree GDEM tiles have been distributed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12071156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T03:58:39Z","timestamp":1586231919000},"page":"1156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":320,"title":["ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) and ASTER Global Water Body Dataset (ASTWBD)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Abrams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Crippen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Fujisada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensor Information Laboratory Corp., Ibaraki 300-2359, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1109\/36.700991","article-title":"Overview of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)","volume":"36","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"344","article-title":"The ASTER Global DEM","volume":"20","author":"Abrams","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Photog. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2005.847924","article-title":"ASTER DEM performance","volume":"43","author":"Fujisada","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"5080","article-title":"Advanced methodology for ASTER DEM generation","volume":"48","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3725","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2187300","article-title":"Technical methodology for ASTER global DEM","volume":"50","author":"Fujisada","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"NASA JPL (2013). 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High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes. Nature.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20584"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujisada, H., Urai, M., and Iwasaki, A. (2018). Technical methodology for ASTER Global Water Body Data Base. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201810.0062.v1"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2014.999166","article-title":"Accuracy assessment of SRTM v4 and ASTER GDEM2 over the Altiplano watershed using Icesat\/GLAS data","volume":"45","author":"Satge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLI-B4-157-2016","article-title":"Initial Validation of the 30 m-mesh Global Digital Surface Model Generated by ALOS PRISM","volume":"41","author":"Tadono","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. 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Available online: https:\/\/apollomapping.com\/digital-elevation-models\/worlddem."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/7\/1156\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:15:29Z","timestamp":1760174129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/7\/1156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs12071156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12071156","relation":{"has-part":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/hess-29-5065-2025","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]]}}}