{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T13:21:13Z","timestamp":1777036873534,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Two tailored configurations of the Robust Satellite Technique (RST) multi-temporal approach, for airborne volcanic ash and desert dust detection, have been tested in the framework of the European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation (EUNADICS-AV) project. The two algorithms, running on Spinning Enhanced Visible Infra-Red Imager (SEVIRI) data, were previously assessed over wide areas by comparison with independent satellite-based aerosol products. In this study, we present results of a first validation analysis of the above mentioned satellite-based ash\/dust products using independent, ground-based observations coming from the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET). The aim is to assess the capabilities of RST-based ash\/dust products in providing useful information even at local scale and to verify their applicability as a \u201ctrigger\u201d to timely activate EARLINET measurements during airborne hazards. The intense Saharan dust event of May 18\u201323 2008\u2014which affected both the Mediterranean Basin and Continental Europe\u2014and the strong explosive eruptions of Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull (Iceland) volcano of April\u2013May 2010, were analyzed as test cases. Our results show that both RST-based algorithms were capable of providing reliable information about the investigated phenomena at specific sites of interest, successfully detecting airborne ash\/dust in different geographic regions using both nighttime and daytime SEVIRI data. However, the validation analysis also demonstrates that ash\/dust layers remain undetected by satellite in the presence of overlying meteorological clouds and when they are tenuous (i.e., with an integrated backscatter coefficient less than ~0.001 sr\u22121 and with aerosol backscatter coefficient less than ~1 \u00d7 10\u22126 m\u22121sr\u22121). This preliminary analysis confirms that the continuity of satellite-based observations can be used to timely \u201ctrigger\u201d ground-based LIDAR measurements in case of airborne hazard events. Finally, this work confirms that advanced satellite-based detection schemes may provide a relevant contribution to the monitoring of ash\/dust phenomena and that the synergistic use of (satellite-based) large scale, continuous and timely records with (ground-based) accurate and quantitative measurements may represent an added value, especially in operational scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12071172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T03:58:39Z","timestamp":1586231919000},"page":"1172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Validation of Ash\/Dust Detections from SEVIRI Data Using ACTRIS\/EARLINET Ground-Based LIDAR Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6709-8370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Falconieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7702-0710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Papagiannopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7590-5638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Marchese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4013-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Filizzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Trippetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7619-6685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Pergola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gelsomina","family":"Pappalardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3875-7909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Tramutoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Mona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale, C. da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5421","DOI":"10.1029\/93JD03340","article-title":"Retrieval of sizes and total masses of particles in volcanic clouds using AVHRR bands 4 and 5","volume":"99","author":"Wen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16911","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD03680","article-title":"Global distribution of UV-absorbing aerosols from Nimbus 7\/TOMS data","volume":"102","author":"Herman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.09.007","article-title":"The infrared spectral signature of volcanic ash determined from high-spectral resolution satellite measurements","volume":"114","author":"Gangale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1977)016<1368:RRMBNV>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Reflected Radiance Measured by NOAA 3 VHRR as a Function of Optical Depth for Saharan Dust","volume":"16","author":"Carlson","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1126\/science.221.4606.195","article-title":"Circumglobal transport of the El Chich\u00f3n volcanic dust cloud","volume":"221","author":"Robock","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1029\/GL016i011p01293","article-title":"Radiative transfer calculations for volcanic ash clouds","volume":"16","author":"Prata","year":"1989","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1080\/01431168908903916","article-title":"Observations of volcanic ash clouds in the 10\u201312 \u00b5m window using AVHRR\/2 data","volume":"10","author":"Prata","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2006.02.014","article-title":"Identification and physical retrieval of dust storm using three MODIS thermal IR channels","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glob. Planet Chang."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.010","article-title":"Near-real-time volcanic ash cloud detection: Experiences from the Alaska Volcano Observatory","volume":"186","author":"Webley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(99)00103-0","article-title":"Failures in detecting volcanic ash from a satellite-based technique","volume":"72","author":"Simpson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Mosher, F.R. (2000, January 9\u201314). Four channel volcanic ash detection algorithm. Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, Long Beach, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4356","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD002802","article-title":"Improved detection of airborne volcanic ash using multi-spectral infrared satellite data","volume":"108","author":"Ellrod","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2003.11.014","article-title":"Improving volcanic ash cloud detection by a robust satellite technique","volume":"90","author":"Pergola","year":"2004","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH1926.1","article-title":"A daytime complement to the reverse absorption technique for improved automated detection of volcanic ash","volume":"23","author":"Pavolonis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(89)90012-6","article-title":"Using the radiative temperature difference at 3.7 and 11 \u00b5m to track dust outbreaks","volume":"27","author":"Ackerman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32307","DOI":"10.1029\/98JD01454","article-title":"Daytime and nighttime detection of mineral dust over desert using infrared spectral contrast","volume":"103","author":"Wald","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD016788","article-title":"Retrieval of physical properties of volcanic ash using Meteosat: A case study from the 2010 Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull eruption","volume":"117","author":"Francis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2015.01.005","article-title":"Improved space borne detection of volcanic ash for real-time monitoring using 3-Band method","volume":"293","author":"Gouhier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-7-581-2014","article-title":"The identification and tracking of volcanic ash using the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI)","volume":"7","author":"Naeger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7813","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JD022968","article-title":"Spectrally Enhanced Cloud Objects\u2014A generalized framework for automated detection of volcanic ash and dust clouds using passive satellite measurements: 1","volume":"120","author":"Pavolonis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Multispectr. Anal. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"She, L., Xue, Y., Yang, X., Guang, J., Li, Y., Che, Y., Fan, C., and Xie, Y. (2018). Dust Detection and Intensity Estimation Using Himawari-8\/AHI Observation. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10040490"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albugami, S., Palmer, S., Meersmans, J., and Waine, T. (2018). Evaluating MODIS dust-detection indices over the Arabian Peninsula. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10121993"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s41748-018-0079-1","article-title":"Dust Detection and Aerosol Properties Over Arabian Sea Using MODIS Data","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tramutoli, V. (2007, January 18\u201320). Robust satellite techniques (RST) for natural and environmental hazards monitoring and mitigation: Theory and applications. Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images, Leuven, Belgium.","DOI":"10.1109\/MULTITEMP.2007.4293057"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2013.07.003","article-title":"Identification of dust outbreaks on infrared MSG-SEVIRI data by using a Robust Satellite Technique (RST)","volume":"93","author":"Sannazzaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2013.10.011","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of the Shinmoedake (Japan) eruption of 26\u201327 January 2011 by means of Japanese geostationary satellite data","volume":"269","author":"Marchese","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchese, F., Sannazzaro, F., Falconieri, A., Filizzola, C., Pergola, N., and Tramutoli, V. (2017). An Enhanced Satellite-Based Algorithm for Detecting and Tracking Dust Outbreaks by Means of SEVIRI Data. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9060537"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchese, F., Falconieri, A., Pergola, N., and Tramutoli, V. (2018). Monitoring the Agung (Indonesia) Ash Plume of November 2017 by Means of Infrared Himawari 8 Data. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060919"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchese, F., Falconieri, A., Filizzola, C., Pergola, N., and Tramutoli, V. (2019). Investigating Volcanic Plumes from Mt. Etna Eruptions of December 2015 by Means of AVHRR and SEVIRI Data. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051174"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7213","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-7213-2009","article-title":"One year of CNR-IMAA multi-wavelength Raman lidar measurements in coincidence with CALIPSO overpasses: Level 1 products comparison","volume":"9","author":"Mona","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4429","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-4429-2013","article-title":"Four-dimensional distribution of the 2010 Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull volcanic cloud over Europe observed by EARLINET","volume":"13","author":"Pappalardo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.5194\/angeo-27-3155-2009","article-title":"The Potential of the Synergistic Use of Passive and Active Remote Sensing Measurements for the Validation of a Regional Dust Model","volume":"27","author":"Amiridis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1029\/2010EO210002","article-title":"Eruptions of Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull Volcano, Iceland","volume":"91","author":"Gudmundsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-2229-2012","article-title":"Multi-wavelength Raman lidar observations of the Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull volcanic cloud over Potenza, southern Italy","volume":"12","author":"Mona","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falconieri, A., Cooke, M.C., Filizzola, C., Marchese, F., Pergola, N., and Tramutoli, V. (2018). Comparing Two Independent Satellite-Based Algorithms for Detecting and Tracking Ash Clouds by Using SEVIRI Sensor. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020369"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2004.03.030","article-title":"A self-sufficient approach for Gerb cloudy radiance detection","volume":"72","author":"Cuomo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchese, F., Malvasi, G., Ciampa, M., Filizzola, C., Pergola, N., and Tramutoli, V. (2007, January 18\u201320). A robust multitemporal satellite technique for volcanic activity monitoring: Possible impacts on volcanic hazard mitigation. Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Images, Leuven, Belgium.","DOI":"10.1109\/MULTITEMP.2007.4293056"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/19475705.2011.568069","article-title":"Volcanic ash cloud detection from space: A comparison between the RSTASH technique and the water vapour corrected BTD procedure","volume":"2","author":"Piscini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geomat. Nat. Hazards Risk"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/19475705.2011.564211","article-title":"Assessment and validation in time domain of a Robust Satellite Technique (RSTASH) for ash cloud detection","volume":"2","author":"Marchese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geomat. Nat. Hazards Risk"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"(2020, March 17). A European Aerosol Research Lidar Network to Establish an Aerosol Climatology: EARLINET. Available online: https:\/\/www.earlinet.org\/index.php?id=earlinet_homepage."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"(2020, March 17). Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases (ACTRIS). Available online: https:\/\/www.actris.eu\/default.aspx."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2020, March 17). ACTRIS Data Center. Available online: https:\/\/actris.nilu.no\/."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2018). EARLINET Publishing Group 2000\u20132015: EARLINET VolcanicEruption 2000\u20132015, World Data Center for Climate (WDCC). 2018 World Data Center for Climate (WDCC)\u2013DKRZ (Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum)."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"(2018). EARLINET Publishing Group 2000\u20132015: EARLINET SaharanDust 2000\u20132015, World Data Center for Climate (WDCC). World Data Center for Climate (WDCC)\u2013DKRZ (Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum)."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/356265","article-title":"Lidar Measurements for Desert Dust Characterization: An Overview","volume":"2012","author":"Mona","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10211","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-10211-2010","article-title":"Saharan dust and ice nuclei over Central Europe","volume":"10","author":"Klein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD016619","article-title":"The May\/June 2008 Saharan dust event over Munich: Intensive aerosol parameters from lidar measurements","volume":"116","author":"Wiegner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tramutoli, V., Marchese, F., Falconieri, A., Filizzola, C., Genzano, N., Hattori, K., Lisi, M., Liu, J.Y., Ouzunov, D., and Parrot, M. (2019). Tropospheric and Ionospheric Anomalies Induced by Volcanic and Saharan Dust Events as Part of Geosphere Interaction Phenomena. Geosciences, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences9040177"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD016499","article-title":"CALIOP observations of the transport of ash from the Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull volcano in April 2010","volume":"117","author":"Winker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00572","article-title":"Ash generation and distribution from the April-May 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull, Iceland","volume":"2","author":"Gudmundsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3141\/2214-17","article-title":"Eruption of Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull in Iceland: Experience of European Air Traffic Management","volume":"2214","author":"Bolic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7307","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015053108","article-title":"Characterization of Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull volcanic ash particles and a protocol for rapid risk assessment","volume":"108","author":"Gislason","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.03.054","article-title":"Volcanic ash over Europe during the eruption of Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull on Iceland, April\u2013May 2010","volume":"48","author":"Langmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1029\/2012JB009592","article-title":"Interaction between volcanic plumes and wind during the 2010 Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull eruption, Iceland","volume":"118","author":"Woodhouse","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Soild Earth"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4333","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-4333-2011","article-title":"Determination of time- and height-resolved volcanic ash emissions and their use for quantitative ash dispersion modeling: The 2010 Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull eruption","volume":"11","author":"Stohl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8781","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-8781-2014","article-title":"EARLINET dust observations vs. BSC-DREAM8b modeled profiles: 12-year-long systematic comparison at Potenza, Italy","volume":"14","author":"Mona","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/7\/1172\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:15:50Z","timestamp":1760174150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/7\/1172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs12071172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12071172","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]}}}