{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T20:55:15Z","timestamp":1781038515931,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"New Brunswick Environmental Trust Fund","award":["180013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["180013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The paper describes the development of predictive equations of windthrow for five tree species based on remote sensing of wind-affected stands in southwestern New Brunswick (NB). The data characterises forest conditions before, during and after the passing of extratropical cyclone Arthur, July 4\u20135, 2014. The five-variable logistic function developed for balsam fir (bF) was validated against remote-sensing-acquired windthrow data for bF-stands affected by the Christmas Mountains windthrow event of November 7, 1994. In general, the prediction of windthrow in the area agreed fairly well with the windthrow sites identified by photogrammetry. The occurrence of windthrow in the Christmas Mountains was prominent in areas with shallow soils and prone to localised accelerations in mean and turbulent airflow. The windthrow function for bF was subsequently used to examine the future impact of windthrow under two climate scenarios (RCP\u2019s 4.5 and 8.5) and species response to local changes anticipated with global climate change, particularly with respect to growing degree-days and soil moisture. Under climate change, future windthrow in bF stands (2006\u20132100) is projected to be modified as the species withdraws from the high-elevation areas and NB as a whole, as the climate progressively warms and precipitation increases, causing the growing environment of bF to deteriorate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12071177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T05:59:47Z","timestamp":1586325587000},"page":"1177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Projected Wind Impact on Abies balsamea (Balsam fir)-Dominated Stands in New Brunswick (Canada) Based on Remote Sensing and Regional Modelling of Climate and Tree Species Distribution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Charles P.-A.","family":"Bourque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, 28 Dineen Drive, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"},{"name":"The School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidan District, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Gachon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre pour l\u2019\u00e9tude et la simulation du climat \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle r\u00e9gionale, Department of Geography, Universit\u00e9 de Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Case Postale 8888, succursale centre-ville, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 3P8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin R.","family":"MacLellan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, 28 Dineen Drive, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James I.","family":"MacLellan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(00)00307-8","article-title":"The effects of windthrow on forests at different spatial scales: A review","volume":"135","author":"Ulanova","year":"2000","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2011.02.002","article-title":"Integrated methodology to assess windthrow impacts on forest stands under climate change","volume":"261","author":"Klaus","year":"2011","journal-title":"For. 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