{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T03:02:04Z","timestamp":1769914924232,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the national key research and development program of China","award":["2016YFC0200403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0200403"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91644217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91644217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41475138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41475138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surface particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of &lt;2.5 \u03bcm (PM2.5) and column-integrated aerosol optical depth (AOD) exhibits substantial diurnal, daily, and yearly variabilities that are regionally dependent. The diversity of these temporal variabilities in urban and rural areas may imply the inherent mechanisms. A novel time-series analysis tool developed by Facebook, Prophet, is used to investigate the holiday, seasonal, and inter-annual patterns of PM2.5 and AOD at a rural station (RU) and an urban station (UR) in Beijing. PM2.5 shows a coherent decreasing tendency at both stations during 2014\u20132018, consistent with the implementation of the air pollution action plan at the end of 2013. RU is characterized by similar seasonal variations of AOD and PM2.5, with the lowest values in winter and the highest in summer, which is opposite that at UR with maximum AOD, but minimum PM2.5 in summer and minimum AOD, but maximum PM2.5 in winter. During the National Day holiday (1\u20137 October), both AOD and PM2.5 holiday components regularly shift from negative to positive departures, and the turning point generally occurs on October 4. AODs at both stations steadily increase throughout the daytime, which is most striking in winter. A morning rush hour peak of PM2.5 (7:00\u20139:00 local standard time (LST)) and a second peak at night (23:00 LST) are observed at UR. PM2.5 at RU often reaches minima (maxima) at around 12:00 LST (19:00 LST), about four hours later (earlier) than UR. The ratio of PM2.5 to AOD (\u03b7) shows a decreasing tendency at both stations in the last four years, indicating a profound impact of the air quality control program. \u03b7 at RU always begins to increase about 1\u20132 h earlier than that at UR during the daytime. Large spatial and temporal variations of \u03b7 suggest that caution should be observed in the estimation of PM2.5 from AOD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12071193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T03:40:19Z","timestamp":1586403619000},"page":"1193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Similarities and Differences in the Temporal Variability of PM2.5 and AOD Between Urban and Rural Stations in Beijing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1599-7192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Disong","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zijue","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1251-0425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunfei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Regional Climate\u2013Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmosphere Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minzheng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shangdianzi Regional Atmospheric Watch Station, Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 101507, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shangdianzi Regional Atmospheric Watch Station, Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 101507, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaigang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shangdianzi Regional Atmospheric Watch Station, Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 101507, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9458-3387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huizheng","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), CMA, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4187-6311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangao","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13774","article-title":"High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China","volume":"514","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL072617","article-title":"Has China been exporting less particulate air pollution over the past decade?","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.08.206","article-title":"Characteristics and classification of PM2.5 pollution episodes in Beijing from 2013 to 2015","volume":"612","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.5094\/APR.2015.096","article-title":"A heavy haze episode in Beijing in February of 2014: Characteristics, origins and implications","volume":"6","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9884","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JD021757","article-title":"Investigating the aerosol optical and radiative characteristics of heavy haze episodes in Beijing during January of 2013","volume":"119","author":"Bi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2014.10.0252","article-title":"Surface and column-integrated aerosol properties of heavy haze events in January 2013 over the North China plain","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.04.048","article-title":"The heaviest particulate air-pollution episodes occurred in northern China in January, 2013: Insights gained from observation","volume":"92","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-2125-2014","article-title":"Column aerosol optical properties and aerosol radiative forcing during a serious haze-fog month over North China Plain in 2013 based on ground-based sunphotometer measurements","volume":"14","author":"Che","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-013-4773-4","article-title":"Mechanism for the formation of the January 2013 heavy haze pollution episode over central and eastern China","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. China Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685971","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/685971","article-title":"The Influence of Climate Factors, Meteorological Conditions, and Boundary-Layer Structure on Severe Haze Pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region during January 2013","volume":"2014","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.08.040","article-title":"Diurnal, weekly and monthly spatial variations of air pollutants and air quality of Beijing","volume":"119","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-014-0607-9","article-title":"Diurnal, seasonal, and spatial variation of PM2.5 in Beijing","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1029\/2003GL018174","article-title":"Intercomparison between satellite-derived aerosol optical thickness and PM2.5 mass: Implications for air quality studies","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2019.1664742","article-title":"Spatio-temporal modeling of PM2.5 concentrations with missing data problem: A case study in Beijing","volume":"34","author":"Pu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800123","article-title":"Estimating regional spatial and temporal variability of PM2.5 concentrations using satellite data, meteorology, and land use information","volume":"117","author":"Spatial","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(98)00031-5","article-title":"AERONET-A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization","volume":"66","author":"Holben","year":"1998","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31333","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900923","article-title":"Wavelength dependence of the optical depth of biomass burning, urban, and desert dust aerosols","volume":"104","author":"Eck","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.04.020","article-title":"MODIS AOD sampling rate and its effect on PM2.5 estimation in North China","volume":"209","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11843","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-11843-2019","article-title":"Spatial distribution of aerosol microphysical and optical properties and direct radiative effect from the China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network","volume":"19","author":"Che","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chieco.2018.08.015","article-title":"Has China\u2019s war on pollution slowed the growth of its manufacturing and by how much? Evidence from the Clean Air Action","volume":"53","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114020","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa8a32","article-title":"Air quality improvements and health benefits from China\u2019s clean air action since 2013","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwx117","article-title":"Aerosol and boundary-layer interactions and impact on air quality","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10497","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-10497-2019","article-title":"Large contribution of meteorological factors to inter-decadal changes in regional aerosol optical depth","volume":"19","author":"Che","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-019-00124-5","article-title":"Interaction Between Planetary Boundary Layer and PM2.5 Pollution in Megacities in China: A Review","volume":"5","author":"Miao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Pollut. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Arctic Sea Ice Decline Intensified Haze Pollution in Eastern China Arctic Sea Ice Decline Intensified Haze Pollution in Eastern China","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Ocean. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GL080941","article-title":"Black Carbon Amplifies Haze Over the North China Plain by Weakening the East Asian Winter Monsoon","volume":"46","author":"Lou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.09.015","article-title":"Using satellite remote sensing data to estimate the high-resolution distribution of ground-level PM2.5","volume":"156","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JD006203","article-title":"Variation of column-integrated aerosol properties in a Chinese urban region","volume":"111","author":"Xia","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/s11859-016-1182-5","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variability of PM2.5 concentration in China","volume":"21","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wuhan Univ. J. Nat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.11.043","article-title":"Impact of diurnal variability and meteorological factors on the PM2.5-AOD relationship: Implications for PM2.5 remote sensing","volume":"221","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2016.06.018","article-title":"Can MODIS AOD be employed to derive PM2.5 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei over China?","volume":"181","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.02.071","article-title":"The relationships between PM2.5 and aerosol optical depth (AOD) in mainland China: About and behind the spatio-temporal variations","volume":"248","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borowik, G., Wawrzyniak, Z.M., and Cichosz, P. (2018, January 18\u201320). Time series analysis for crime forecasting. Proceedings of the 2018 26th International Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng), Sydney, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSENG.2018.8638179"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2017.1380080","article-title":"Forecasting at Scale","volume":"72","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Stat."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.08.050","article-title":"Day-of-week and seasonal patterns of PM2.5 concentrations over the United States: Time-series analyses using the Prophet procedure","volume":"192","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/2016EF000367","article-title":"A study of aerosol properties based on observations of particulate matter from the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, China","volume":"4","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Earth\u2019s Future"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6023","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-6023-2015","article-title":"Aerosol composition and sources during the Chinese Spring Festival: Aerosol composition and sources during the Chinese Spring Festival: Fireworks, secondary aerosol, and holiday effects","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2006.10464523","article-title":"New York state urban and rural measurements of continuous PM2.5 Mass by FDMS, TEOM, and BAM","volume":"56","author":"Schwab","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30-1","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL016305","article-title":"Diurnal variability of aerosol optical depth observed at AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) sites","volume":"29","author":"Smirnov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901623","article-title":"Global estimates of ambient fine particulate matter concentrations from satellite-based aerosol optical depth: Development and application","volume":"118","author":"Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2016.07.028","article-title":"Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 during Chinese Spring Festival at Xinxiang, a heavily polluted city in North China: Fireworks and health risks","volume":"182","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.01.037","article-title":"Air pollution \u201choliday effect\u201d resulting from the Chinese New Year","volume":"43","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1108\/JTF-10-2016-0027","article-title":"The evolution of holiday system in China and its influence on domestic tourism demand","volume":"4","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Tour. Future"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13834","DOI":"10.1021\/es503696k","article-title":"Quantification of global primary emissions of PM2.5, PM10, and TSP from combustion and industrial process sources","volume":"48","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7992","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02235","article-title":"Spatial and Temporal Trends in Global Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides from 1960 to 2014","volume":"51","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28535-2","article-title":"Synergy of AERONET and MODIS AOD products in the estimation of PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing","volume":"8","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2013.06.024","article-title":"Climatological aspects of aerosol optical properties in North China Plain based on ground and satellite remote-sensing data","volume":"127","author":"Xia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.01.056","article-title":"Satellite-derived PM2.5 concentration trends over Eastern China from 1998 to 2016: Relationships to emissions and meteorological parameters","volume":"247","author":"Gui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.11.061","article-title":"Opposite seasonality of the aerosol optical depth and the surface particulate matter concentration over the north China Plain","volume":"127","author":"Qu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.03.009","article-title":"Seasonal and diurnal variations of ambient PM2.5 concentration in urban and rural environments in Beijing","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"668","article-title":"Determination on the Boundary Belt of Subtropical Winter Monsoon in East Asia and Its Variance Characteristic","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plateau Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2017.07.003","article-title":"Aerosol optical properties observation and its relationship to meteorological conditions and emission during the Chinese National Day and Spring Festival holiday in Beijing","volume":"197","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lolli, S., Khor, W.Y., Matjafri, M.Z., and Lim, H.S. (2019). Monsoon season quantitative assessment of biomass burning clear-sky aerosol radiative effect at surface by ground-based lidar observations in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia in 2014. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11222660"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/7\/1193\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:16:29Z","timestamp":1760174189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/7\/1193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs12071193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12071193","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]}}}