{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:29:20Z","timestamp":1783700960707,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2017YFC1405202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1405202"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61501520, 61831010, 61671166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61501520, 61831010, 61671166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19CX02046A, 17CX02079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19CX02046A, 17CX02079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CSC scholarship for 1-year research abroad at Memorial University","award":["201806455025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201806455025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bistatic and multi-static high-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is becoming a prospective development trend for sea surface surveillance due to its potential in extending the coverage area, improving the detection accuracy, etc. In this paper, the vessel detection and tracking performance of a newly developed bistatic compact HFSWR system whose transmitting and receiving antennas are not co-located was investigated. Firstly, the representation of the target range and Doppler velocity concerning a bistatic HFSWR was derived and compared with that of a monostatic system. Next, taking the characteristics of target kinematic parameters into account, a target tracking method applicable to a bistatic HFSWR is proposed. The simultaneous target tracking results from both monostatic and bistatic HFSWR field data are presented and compared. The experimental results demonstrate the good performance in target tracking of the bistatic HFSWR and also show that an HFSWR system combining monostatic and bistatic modes has the potential to enhance the target track continuity and improve the detection accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12081266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T13:01:39Z","timestamp":1587042099000},"page":"1266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Vessel Tracking Using Bistatic Compact HFSWR"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8381-6483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weifeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9622-5041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weimin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3264-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonggang","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Marine Physics and Remote Sensing, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongshou","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/74.951557","article-title":"An integrated maritime surveillance system based on high-frequency surface-wave radars. 1. 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