{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T14:11:38Z","timestamp":1770819098418,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Plan of China","award":["2019YFA0606602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0606602"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>More than 3000 cities in China were used to study the effect of urbanization and local climate variability on urban vegetation across different geographical and urbanization conditions. The national scale estimation shows that China\u2019s urban vegetation depicts a trend of degradation from 2000 to 2015, especially in developed areas such as the Yangtze River Delta. According to the panel models, the increase of precipitation (PREC), solar radiation (SRAD), air temperature (TEMP), and specific humidity (SHUM) all enhance urban vegetation, while nighttime light intensity (NLI), population density (POPDEN), and fractal dimension (FRAC) do the opposite. The effects change along the East\u2013West gradient; the influences of PREC and SHUM become greater, while those of TEMP, SRAD, NLI, AREA, and FRAC become smaller. PREC, SHUM, and SRAD play the most important roles in Northeast, Central, and North China, respectively. The role of FRAC and NLI in East China is much greater than in other regions. POPDEN remains influential across all altitudes, while FRAC affects only low-altitude cities. NLI plays a greater role in larger cities, while FRAC and POPDEN are the opposite. In cities outside of the five major urban agglomerations, PREC has a great influence while the key factors are more diversified inside.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12081328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T02:10:52Z","timestamp":1587607852000},"page":"1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Exploring the Combined Effect of Urbanization and Climate Variability on Urban Vegetation: A Multi-Perspective Study Based on More than 3000 Cities in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5875-5009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ze","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8488-2191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yueyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuyue","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiashu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feili","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuangcheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-012-0225-8","article-title":"Ecosystem services provided by urban spontaneous vegetation","volume":"15","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.06.245","article-title":"Characterizing spatiotemporal dynamics in phenology of urban ecosystems based on Landsat data","volume":"605","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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