{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:34:20Z","timestamp":1760402060780,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]],"date-time":"2020-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004230","name":"Korea Polar Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PE20080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE20080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Backscattering coefficients of Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data of drifting multi-year sea ice in the western Beaufort Sea during the transition period between the end of melting and onset of freeze-up are analyzed, in terms of the incidence angle dependence and temporal variation. The mobile sea ice surface is tracked down in a 1 km by 1 km region centered at a GPS tracker, which was installed during a field campaign in August 2019. A total of 24 Sentinel-1 images spanning 17 days are used and the incidence angle dependence in HH- and HV-polarization are \u22120.24 dB\/deg and \u22120.10 dB\/deg, respectively. Hummocks and recently frozen melt ponds seem to cause the mixture behavior of surface and volume scattering. The normalized backscattering coefficients in HH polarization gradually increased in time at a rate of 0.15 dB\/day, whereas the HV-polarization was relatively flat. The air temperature from the ERA5 hourly reanalysis data has a strong negative relation with the increasing trend of the normalized backscattering coefficients in HH-polarization. The result of this study is expected to complement other previous studies which focused on winter or summer seasons in other regions of the Arctic Ocean.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12091378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T10:30:58Z","timestamp":1588069858000},"page":"1378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evolution of Backscattering Coefficients of Drifting Multi-Year Sea Ice during End of Melting and Onset of Freeze-up in the Western Beaufort Sea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6434-5388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Arctic Sea-Ice Prediction, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6831-9291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Cheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Arctic Sea-Ice Prediction, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2595-5412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Uk","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Arctic Sea-Ice Prediction, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0926-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungjae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Arctic Sea-Ice Prediction, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung-Seok","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Research Institute of Ships &amp; Ocean Engineering, Daejeon 34103, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo-Hong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Arctic Sea-Ice Prediction, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1293-9405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Joo","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Arctic Sea-Ice Prediction, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Won","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Arctic Sea-Ice Prediction, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0414-519X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyangsun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geology &amp; Geophysics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong-Yeob","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Research Institute of Ships &amp; Ocean Engineering, Daejeon 34103, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duk-jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(1995)008<0240:SIACFM>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Sea Ice-Albedo Climate Feedback Mechanism","volume":"8","author":"Curry","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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