{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:35:24Z","timestamp":1783697724471,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP15H05918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP15H05918"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["18J15114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18J15114"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61675160 and 61705173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61675160 and 61705173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"111 Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B17035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B17035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201806960075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201806960075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we propose a novel city-scale distance sensing algorithm based on atmosphere optics. The suspended particles, especially in bad weather, would attenuate the light at almost all wavelengths. Observing this fact and starting from the light scattering mechanism, we derive a bispectral distance sensing algorithm by leveraging the difference of extinction coefficient between two specifically selected near infrared wavelengths. The extinction coefficient of the atmosphere is related to both wavelength and meteorological conditions, also known as visibility, such as the fog and haze day. To account for different bad weather conditions, we explicitly introduce visibility into our algorithm by incorporating it into the calculation of extinction coefficient, making our algorithm simple yet effective. To capture the data, we build a bispectral imaging system that is able to take a pair of images with a monochrome camera and two narrow band-pass filters. We also present a wavelength selection strategy that allows us to accurately sense distance regardless of material reflectance and texture. Specifically, this strategy determines two distinct near infrared wavelengths by maximising the extinction coefficient difference while minimizing the influence of building\u2019s reflectance variance. The experiments empirically validate our model and its practical performance on the distance sensing for the city-scale buildings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12091401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T13:23:45Z","timestamp":1588166625000},"page":"1401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["City-Scale Distance Sensing via Bispectral Light Extinction in Bad Weather"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"Digital Content and Media Sciences Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro 152-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Content and Media Sciences Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imari","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Content and Media Sciences Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2341","article-title":"Single image haze removal using dark channel prior","volume":"33","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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