{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:03:41Z","timestamp":1787029421438,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTQ-15-07685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTQ-15-07685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A multi-sensor and multi-scale monitoring tool for the spatially explicit and periodic monitoring of eutrophication in a small drinking water reservoir is presented. The tool was built with freely available satellite and in situ data combined with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based technology. The goal is to evaluate the performance of a multi-platform approach for the trophic state monitoring with images obtained with MultiSpectral Sensors on board satellites Sentinel 2 (S2A and S2B), Landsat 8 (L8) and UAV. We assessed the performance of three different sensors (MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI), Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Rededge Micasense) for retrieving the pigment chlorophyll-a (chl-a), as a quantitative descriptor of phytoplankton biomass and trophic level. The study was conducted in a waterbody affected by cyanobacterial blooms, one of the most important eutrophication-derived risks for human health. Different empirical models and band indices were evaluated. Spectral band combinations using red and near-infrared (NIR) bands were the most suitable for retrieving chl-a concentration (especially 2 band algorithm (2BDA), the Surface Algal Bloom Index (SABI) and 3 band algorithm (3BDA)) even though blue and green bands were useful to classify UAV images into two chl-a ranges. The results show a moderately good agreement among the three sensors at different spatial resolutions (10 m., 30 m. and 8 cm.), indicating a high potential for the development of a multi-platform and multi-sensor approach for the eutrophication monitoring of small reservoirs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12091514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T12:26:30Z","timestamp":1589199990000},"page":"1514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["An UAV and Satellite Multispectral Data Approach to Monitor Water Quality in Small Reservoirs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7298-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Cillero Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Department, 3edata Environmental Engineering L. C., 27004 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Antonio","family":"Dom\u00ednguez G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Matem\u00e1tica y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8261-8087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Delgado Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering School, University of A Coru\u00f1a, 15008 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris Alejandro","family":"Hinojo S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Department, 3edata Environmental Engineering L. C., 27004 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Cereijo Arango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering School, University of A Coru\u00f1a, 15008 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico Andr\u00e9s","family":"Cheda Tuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Department, 3edata Environmental Engineering L. C., 27004 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6094-2153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramon","family":"D\u00edaz-Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany Department, Higher Politechnic School, GI-1809-BIOAPLIC, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ibisch, R., Austnes, K., Borchardt, D., Boteler, B., Leujak, W., Lukat, E., Rouillard, J., Schmedje, U., and Lyche Solheim, A. (2016). European Assessment of Eutrophication Abatement Measures across Land-Based Sources Inland, Coastal and Marine Waters, European Environment Agency."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"86","article-title":"Eutrophication","volume":"1","author":"Lemley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Environ. 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