{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:58:10Z","timestamp":1782917890543,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China, Key International Standard Research of Strategic Emerging Industries (First stage),","award":["2016YFF0202705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFF0202705"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Geolocation information is an important feature of remote sensing image data that is captured through a variety of passive or active observation sensors, such as push-broom electro-optical sensor, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and sound navigation and ranging (SONAR). As a fundamental processing step to locate an image, geo-positioning is used to determine the ground coordinates of an object from image coordinates. A variety of sensor models have been created to describe geo-positioning process. In particular, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has defined the Sensor Model Language (SensorML) specification in its Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) initiative to describe sensors including the geo-positioning process. It has been realized using syntax from the extensible markup language (XML). Besides, two standards defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 19130-1 and ISO 19130-2, introduced a physical sensor model, a true replacement model, and a correspondence model for the geo-positioning process. However, a standardized encoding for geo-positioning sensor models is still missing for the remote sensing community. Thus, the interoperability of remote sensing data between application systems cannot be ensured. In this paper, a standardized encoding of remote sensing geo-positioning sensor models is introduced. It is semantically based on ISO 19130-1 and ISO 19130-2, and syntactically based on OGC SensorML. It defines a cross mapping of the sensor models defined in ISO 19130-1 and ISO 19130-2 to the SensorML, and then proposes a detailed encoding method to finalize the XML schema (an XML schema here is the structure to define an XML document), which will become a profile of OGC SensorML. It seamlessly unifies the sensor models defined in ISO 19130-1, ISO 19130-2, and OGC SensorML. By enabling a standardized description of sensor models used to produce remote sensing data, this standard is very promising in promoting data interoperability, mobility, and integration in the remote sensing domain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12091530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T12:26:30Z","timestamp":1589199990000},"page":"1530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Toward a Standardized Encoding of Remote Sensing Geo-Positioning Sensor Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4630-5147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuqi","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Devys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Standardisation Department, Institut National de l\u2019Information G\u00e9ographique et Foresti\u00e8re (IGN), 94165 Saint Mand\u00e9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 20030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"ISO\/TC 19130-1:2018 (2018). 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