{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T10:46:34Z","timestamp":1774694794135,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The practice of monitoring active volcanoes, includes several techniques using either direct or remote measurements, the latter being more important for volcanoes with limited accessibility. We present the Volcanic Anomalies Monitoring System (VOLCANOMS), a new, online, low-cost and semiautomatic system based on Landsat imagery. This system can detect permanent and\/or temporal thermal anomalies in near-infrared (NIR), short-wave infrared (SWIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) bands. VOLCANOMS allows researchers to calculate several thermal parameters, such as thermal radiance, effective temperature, anomaly area, radiative, gas, convective, and total heat, and mass fluxes. We study the eruptive activity of five volcanoes including Krakatau, Stromboli, Fuego, Villarrica and Lascar volcanoes, comparing field and eruptive data with thermal radiance. In the case of Villarrica and Lascar volcanoes, we also compare the thermal radiance and eruptive activity with seismic data. The thermal radiance shows a concordance with the eruptive activity in all cases, whereas a correlation is observed between thermal and seismic data both, in Villarrica and Lascar volcanoes, especially in the case of long-period seismicity. VOLCANOMS is a new and powerful tool that, combined with other techniques, generates robust information for volcanic monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12101589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T02:43:42Z","timestamp":1589769822000},"page":"1589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Volcanic Anomalies Monitoring System (VOLCANOMS), a Low-Cost Volcanic Monitoring System Based on Landsat Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0185-373X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Layana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias menci\u00f3n Geolog\u00eda, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"},{"name":"N\u00facleo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Riesgo Volc\u00e1nico\u2013Ckelar Volcanes, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Gesti\u00f3n Integrada del Riesgo de Desastres (CIGIDEN), Av. Vicu\u00f1a Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7810000, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1135-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Riesgo Volc\u00e1nico\u2013Ckelar Volcanes, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Gesti\u00f3n Integrada del Riesgo de Desastres (CIGIDEN), Av. Vicu\u00f1a Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7810000, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Geol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"}]},{"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Riesgo Volc\u00e1nico\u2013Ckelar Volcanes, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Riesgo Volc\u00e1nico\u2013Ckelar Volcanes, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Gesti\u00f3n Integrada del Riesgo de Desastres (CIGIDEN), Av. Vicu\u00f1a Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7810000, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Geol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Quispe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Urra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geof\u00edsica, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Avenida Esteban Urra s\/n\u2013Barrio Universitario, Concepci\u00f3n 4070386, Chile"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Urrutia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.010","article-title":"Volcanic emissions from Popocat\u00e9petl volcano, Mexico, quantified using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) infrared data: A case study of the December 2000\u2013January 2001 emissions","volume":"170","author":"Novak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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