{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T18:29:17Z","timestamp":1769279357017,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2C2009464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C2009464"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, seven, global, blended, sea surface temperature (SST) analyses, including Operational SST and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA), Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) analysis, Optimum Interpolation SST (OISST), Remote Sensing System (REMSS) analysis, Multi-scale Ultra-high Resolution SST (MURSST), Merged Satellite and In situ Data Global Daily SST (MGDSST), and Geo-Polar Blended SST (Blended SST) were conducted. In-situ temperature measurements were used for the years 2014\u20132018, from 35 narrowly-spaced buoys distributed along the Korean Peninsula coast, to investigate how well the SST analyses represent the temperatures at the coastal regions. Contrary to the overall accuracy of the SSTs in the global ocean and offshore regions, the root-mean-square errors for the analyses were relatively large over 1.27 K. Specifically, all SST analyses resulted in warm biases over 0.31 K, which became quite distinctive in the western and the southwestern coastal regions. Investigation of the errors identified relationships with the coastal zones of vigorous tidal mixing, shallow bathymetry, and absence of microwave measurements. Overall, temporal wavelet coherency between in-situ measurements and SST products revealed high coherency of greater than 0.8 in periods longer than 180 days, however, low coherency (&lt;0.5) in the period shorter than 10 days was observed. Inter-comparisons between the SST analyses illustrated clear spatial differences in the correlations at both the coastal regions, along the southwestern coast of the Korean Peninsula and in the frontal regions, and in the marginal seas of the Northwest Pacific. Overall, the results emphasized on the importance of using real-time in-situ measurements as much as possible, to overcome the increasing SST errors in coastal regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12101592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T02:43:42Z","timestamp":1589769822000},"page":"1592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Inter-Comparisons of Daily Sea Surface Temperatures and In-Situ Temperatures in the Coastal Regions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1630-1268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye-Jin","family":"Woo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8899-7201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung-Ae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(1997)014<0925:AGAOSS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A global analysis of sea surface temperature for numerical weather prediction","volume":"14","author":"Brasnett","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.74","article-title":"Data assimilation in the FOAM operational short-range ocean forecasting system: A description of the scheme and its impact","volume":"133","author":"Martin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2009.39","article-title":"GODAE: Global Ocean Prediction with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM)","volume":"22","author":"Chassignet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.10.017","article-title":"The Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) system","volume":"116","author":"Donlon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/35000184","article-title":"Precise climate monitoring using complementary satellite data sets","volume":"403","author":"Wentz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2001)014<3801:GARSST>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Global and regional sea surface temperature trends","volume":"14","author":"Casey","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD002670","article-title":"Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century","volume":"108","author":"Rayner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L09706","DOI":"10.1029\/2012GL051826","article-title":"A 21st century shift in the relationship between ENSO SST and warm water volume anomalies","volume":"39","author":"McPhaden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2014.10.013","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variability of sea surface temperature and warming trends in the Yellow Sea","volume":"143","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C10031","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JC004629","article-title":"Ocean acidification of the Greater Caribbean Region 1996\u20132006","volume":"113","author":"Gledhill","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2009.04.011","article-title":"Rapid warming of large marine ecosystems","volume":"81","author":"Belkin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190182","article-title":"Ocean warming slows coral growth in the central Red Sea","volume":"329","author":"Cantin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20560-5","article-title":"Impacts of warming on phytoplankton abundance and phenology in a typical tropical marine ecosystem","volume":"8","author":"Gittings","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1080\/0143116031000117029","article-title":"Fishery forecast using OCM chlorophyll concentration and AVHRR SST: Validation results off Gujarat coast, India","volume":"24","author":"Solanki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2013.27","article-title":"Fisheries management in a changing climate: Lessons from the 2012 ocean heat wave in the Northwest Atlantic","volume":"26","author":"Mills","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111366","article-title":"Half a century of satellite remote sensing of sea-surface temperature","volume":"233","author":"Minnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9179","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JC000065","article-title":"Overview of the NOAA\/NASA advanced very high resolution radiometer Pathfinder algorithm for sea surface temperature and associated matchup database","volume":"106","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2005.09.037","article-title":"The accuracy of SST retrievals from AATSR: An initial assessment through geophysical validation against in situ radiometers, buoys and other SST data sets","volume":"37","author":"Corlett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH1876.1","article-title":"Validation of the AATSR meteo product sea surface temperature","volume":"23","author":"Watts","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.08.006","article-title":"The accuracy of SST retrievals from Metop-A IASI and AVHRR using the EUMETSAT OSI-SAF matchup dataset","volume":"126","author":"August","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.06.015","article-title":"Comparison of MSG\/SEVIRI and drifting buoy derived diurnal warming estimates","volume":"124","author":"Legendre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JC009716","article-title":"Three way validation of MODIS and AMSR-E sea surface temperatures","volume":"119","author":"Gentemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Oceans"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C02029","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JC007472","article-title":"Evaluation of the relative performance of sea surface temperature measurements from different types of drifting and moored buoys using satellite-derived reference products","volume":"117","author":"Castro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smit, A.J., Roberts, M., Anderson, R.J., Dufois, F., Dudley, S.F., Bornman, T.G., Olbers, J., and Bolton, J.J. (2013). A coastal seawater temperature dataset for biogeographical studies: Large biases between in situ and remotely-sensed data sets around the coast of South Africa. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081944"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2017.07.011","article-title":"Evaluating operational AVHRR sea surface temperature data at the coastline using surfers","volume":"196","author":"Brewin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1667","article-title":"Validation of MODIS sea surface temperature product in the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs","volume":"10","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brewin, R., Smale, D., Moore, P., Dall\u2019Olmo, G., Miller, P., Taylor, B., Smyth, T., Fishwick, J., and Yang, M. (2018). Evaluating operational AVHRR sea surface temperature data at the coastline using benthic temperature loggers. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060925"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-86-8-1097","article-title":"Global microwave satellite observations of sea surface temperature for numerical weather prediction and climate research","volume":"86","author":"Chelton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barale, V., Gower, J.F.R., and Alberotanza, L. (2010). Passive microwave remote sensing of the ocean: An overview. Oceanography from Space, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-8681-5"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Parkinson, C., Ward, A., and King, M. (2006). Earth Science Reference Handbook: A Guide to NASA\u2019s Earth Science Program and Earth Observing Satellite Missions."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.319","article-title":"The impact of satellite retrievals in a global sea-surface-temperature analysis","volume":"134","author":"Brasnett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.08.014","article-title":"Evidence linking satellite-derived sea-surface temperature signals to changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation","volume":"169","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL071039","article-title":"Satellite sea surface temperatures along the West Coast of the United States during the 2014\u20132016 northeast Pacific marine heat wave","volume":"44","author":"Gentemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ignatov, A., Zhou, X., Petrenko, B., Liang, X., Kihai, Y., Dash, P., Stroup, J., Sapper, J., and DiGiacomo, P. (2016). AVHRR GAC SST Reanalysis Version 1 (RAN1). Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8040315"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Sakurai, T., Kurihara, Y., and Kuragano, T. (2005, January 25\u201329). Merged satellite and in-situ data global daily SST. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Seoul, Korea."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JCLI1824.1","article-title":"Daily high-resolution-blended analyses for sea surface temperature","volume":"20","author":"Reynolds","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2012.04.013","article-title":"Group for High Resolution Sea Surface temperature (GHRSST) analysis fields inter-comparisons. Part 1: A GHRSST multi-product ensemble (GMPE)","volume":"77","author":"Martin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res. II Top. Stud. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/gdj3.20","article-title":"Sea surface temperature datasets for climate applications from Phase 1 of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (SST CCI)","volume":"1","author":"Merchant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geosci. Data J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.07.029","article-title":"A multi-scale high-resolution analysis of global sea surface temperature","volume":"200","author":"Chin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6263","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160802175363","article-title":"Inter-comparison and evaluation of global sea surface temperature products","volume":"9","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.1175\/2010JCLI3294.1","article-title":"Comparisons of daily sea surface temperature analyses for 2007\u201308","volume":"23","author":"Reynolds","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2012.04.002","article-title":"Group for high resolution sea surface temperature (GHRSST) analysis fields inter-comparisons. Part 2: Near real time web-based Level 4 SST quality monitor (L4-SQUAM)","volume":"77","author":"Dash","year":"2012","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res. II Top. Stud. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5394","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2014.926415","article-title":"Inter-comparison of various global sea surface temperature products","volume":"35","author":"Okuro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2016.10.035","article-title":"Validation of satellite sea surface temperature analyses in the Beaufort Sea using UpTempO buoys","volume":"187","author":"Castro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.12.015","article-title":"Intercomparison of long-term sea surface temperature analyses using the GHRSST Multi-Product Ensemble (GMPE) system","volume":"222","author":"Fiedler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2008.02.020","article-title":"Assessment and inter-comparison of five high-resolution sea surface temperature products in the shelf and coastal seas around China","volume":"28","author":"Xie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"41","article-title":"Eum. H.M. Digital bathymetric and topographic data for neighboring seas of Korea (in Korean with English abstract)","volume":"14","author":"Choi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Coastal Ocean Eng."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2004.06.005","article-title":"Circulation and currents in the southwestern East\/Japan Sea: Overview and review","volume":"61","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"234","article-title":"An oceanic current map in the East Sea for science textbooks based on scientific knowledge acquired from oceanic measurements (in Korean with English abstract)","volume":"18","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9687","DOI":"10.1029\/JC087iC12p09687","article-title":"Spring season flow of the Tsushima Current and its separation from the Kuroshio: Satellite evidence","volume":"87","author":"Huh","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2006.12.010","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variability of satellite-observed Subpolar Front in the East\/Japan Sea","volume":"54","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res. I"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s12601-012-0033-3","article-title":"Spatial scales of mesoscale eddies from GOCI Chlorophyll-a concentration images in the East\/Japan Sea","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ocean Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-4343(89)90019-8","article-title":"Tidal fronts in the southeastern Hwanghae (Yellow Sea)","volume":"9","author":"Lie","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15679","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JC900108","article-title":"Influence of stratification on residual tidal currents in the Yellow Sea","volume":"104","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L16709","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL023026","article-title":"Decadal change in relationship between east Asian and WNP summer monsoons","volume":"32","author":"Kwon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/met.1320","article-title":"Variability in the East Asian Monsoon: A review","volume":"19","author":"Ha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Meteorol. App."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"UK Met Office (2005). GHRSST Level 4 OSTIA Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis, Ver. 1.0."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49711749704","article-title":"The Meteorological Office analysis correction data assimilation scheme","volume":"117","author":"Lorenc","year":"1991","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18585","DOI":"10.1029\/97JC00468","article-title":"Observations of the oceanic thermal skin in the Atlantic Ocean","volume":"102","author":"Donlon","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Canada Meteorological Center (2012). GHRSST Level 4 CMC0.2deg Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS version 2), Ver. 2.0."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-8-165-2016","article-title":"A long-term record of blended satellite and in situ sea surface temperature for climate monitoring, modeling and environmental studies","volume":"8","author":"Banzon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"National Centers for Environmental Information (2016). GHRSST Level 4 AVHRR_OI Global Blended Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS version 2) from NCEI, Ver. 2.0."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Remote Sensing Systems (2017). GHRSST Level 4 MW_IR_OI Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature analysis version 5.0 from REMSS, Ver. 5.0."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"JPL MUR MEaSUREs Project (2015). GHRSST Level 4 MUR Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (v4.1), Ver. 4.1."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global daily sea surface temperature analysis using data from satellite microwave radiometer, satellite infrared radiometer and in--situ observations (in Japanese)","volume":"73","author":"Kurihara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Weath. Bull."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-15-00002.1","article-title":"A new high-resolution sea surface temperature blended analysis","volume":"98","author":"Maturi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"645","article-title":"A new high resolution blended real-time global sea surface temperature analysis","volume":"84","author":"Rogers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2004.838703","article-title":"Statistical processing of large image sequences","volume":"14","author":"Khellah","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Korea Meteorological Administration (2020). Monthly Report of Marine Data."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo, H.-J., Park, K.-A., Li, X., and Lee, E.-Y. (2018). Sea surface temperature retrieval from the first Korean geostationary satellite COMS data: Validation and error assessment. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10121916"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2019.2911127","article-title":"Validation of Sea Surface Wind from Sentinel-1A\/B SAR Data in the Coastal Regions of the Korean Peninsula","volume":"12","author":"Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L07304","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL019424","article-title":"Sea surface temperature fronts in the East (Japan) sea and temporal variations","volume":"31","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007872709494","article-title":"Spatial and temporal scale variations of sea surface temperature in the East Sea using NOAA\/AVHRR data","volume":"55","author":"Park","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2015.05.040","article-title":"Detection of the Hebei Spirit oil spill on SAR Imagery and its temporal evolution in a coastal region of the Yellow Sea","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.5467\/JKESS.2018.39.6.555","article-title":"Comparison of Sea Surface Temperature from Oceanic Buoys and Satellite Microwave Measurements in the Western Coastal Region of Korean Peninsula (in Korean with English abstract","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Korean Earth Sci. Soc."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/01431168808954841","article-title":"An improved method for detecting clear sky and cloudy radiances from AVHRR data","volume":"9","author":"Saunders","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Robinson, I.S. (2004). Measuring the Oceans from Space: The Principles and Methods of Satellite Oceanography, Springer Praxis Books in Geophysical Sciences."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1256\/qj.05.15","article-title":"Probabilistic physically based cloud screening of satellite infrared imagery for operational sea surface temperature retrieval","volume":"131","author":"Merchant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Choi, B.-H. (1980). A tidal model of the Yellow Sea and the Eastern China Sea, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L09603","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GL042231","article-title":"Unprecedented coastal upwelling in the East\/Japan Sea and linkage to long--term large--scale variations","volume":"37","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3947","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2014.916438","article-title":"SAR-derived wind fields at the coastal region in the East\/Japan sea and relation to coastal upwelling","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(2000)039<2473:SFATKP>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Sea fog around the Korean peninsula","volume":"39","author":"Cho","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteor."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D14102","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JD011477","article-title":"Ocean tidal cooling effect on summer sea fog over the Okhotsk Sea","volume":"114","author":"Tokinaga","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, R.L., del Castillo, C.E., and McKee, B.A. (2005). Remote Sensing of Coastal Aquatic Environments. Technologies, Techniques and Applications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-3100-7"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17234","DOI":"10.3390\/rs71215881","article-title":"Validation of S-NPP VIIRS sea surface temperature retrieved from NAVO","volume":"7","author":"Tu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00004-4","article-title":"Coastal sea surface temperature variability from Landsat infrared data","volume":"81","author":"Thomas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, J.-C., and Park, K.-A. (2019). High-resolution sea surface temperature retrieval from Landsat 8 OLI\/TIRS data at coastal regions. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11222687"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medina-Lopez, E., and Ure\u00f1a-Fuentes, L. (2019). High-resolution sea surface temperature and salinity in coastal areas worldwide from raw satellite data. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11192191"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00420","article-title":"Observational needs of sea surface temperature","volume":"6","author":"Armstrong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/10\/1592\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:29:36Z","timestamp":1760174976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/10\/1592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs12101592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12101592","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]]}}}