{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T16:50:01Z","timestamp":1773939001124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005908","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung und Landwirtschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2815702515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2815702515"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005908","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is considered one of the most widespread grapevine virus diseases, causing severe economic losses worldwide. To date, six grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs) are known as causal agents of the disease, of which GLRaV-1 and -3 induce the strongest symptoms. Due to the lack of efficient curative treatments in the vineyard, identification of infected plants and subsequent uprooting is crucial to reduce the spread of this disease. Ground-based hyperspectral imaging (400\u20132500 nm) was used in this study in order to identify white and red grapevine plants infected with GLRaV-1 or -3. Disease detection models have been successfully developed for greenhouse plants discriminating symptomatic, asymptomatic, and healthy plants. Furthermore, field tests conducted over three consecutive years showed high detection rates for symptomatic white and red cultivars, respectively. The most important detection wavelengths were used to simulate a multispectral system that achieved classification accuracies comparable to the hyperspectral approach. Although differentiation of asymptomatic and healthy field-grown grapevines showed promising results further investigations are needed to improve classification accuracy. Symptoms caused by GLRaV-1 and -3 could be differentiated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12101693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T11:42:02Z","timestamp":1590406922000},"page":"1693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Detection of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 1 and 3 in White and Red Grapevine Cultivars Using Hyperspectral Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6757-6026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nele","family":"Bendel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany"},{"name":"University of Hohenheim, Institute of Phytomedicine, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6442-3219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kicherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Backhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation (IFF), Biosystems Engineering, Sandtorstr. 22, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"K\u00f6ckerling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany"},{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2634-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Maixner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Bleser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hochschule Geisenheim University, Institute of Grapevine Breeding, Von-Lade-Stra\u00dfe 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Christian","family":"Kl\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation (IFF), Biosystems Engineering, Sandtorstr. 22, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6043-7947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Udo","family":"Seiffert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation (IFF), Biosystems Engineering, Sandtorstr. 22, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf T.","family":"Voegele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hohenheim, Institute of Phytomedicine, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"T\u00f6pfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-102313-045946","article-title":"Grapevine leafroll disease and associated viruses: A unique pathosystem","volume":"53","author":"Naidu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. 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