{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:52:37Z","timestamp":1760237557887,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011705","name":"Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology promotion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KIMST20190361;PM19020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KIMST20190361;PM19020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011705","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NO. 2020R1A2C2006857","NO. 2018R1C1B5086283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO. 2020R1A2C2006857","NO. 2018R1C1B5086283"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003630","name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 1705010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 1705010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003630","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Time-varying gravity observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites measures surface water and ice mass redistribution driven by weather and climate forcing and has emerged as one of the most important data types in measuring changes in Earth\u2019s climate. However, spatial leakage of GRACE signals, especially in coastal areas, has been a recognized limitation in quantitatively assessing mass change. It is evident that larger terrestrial signals in coastal regions spread into the oceans and vice versa and various remedies have been developed to address this problem. An especially successful one has been Forward Modeling but it requires knowledge of geographical locations of mass change to be fully effective. In this study, we develop a new method to suppress leakage effects using a linear least squares operator applied to GRACE spherical harmonic data. The method is effectively a constrained deconvolution of smoothing inherent in GRACE data. It assumes that oceanic mass changes near the coast are negligible compared to terrestrial changes, with additional spatial regularization constraints. Some calibration of constraint weighting is required. We apply the method to estimate surface mass loads over Australia using both synthetic and real GRACE data. Leakage into the oceans is effectively suppressed and when compared with mascon solutions there is better performance over interior basins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12111798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T04:12:09Z","timestamp":1591157529000},"page":"1798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Constrained Linear Deconvolution of GRACE Anomalies to Correct Spatial Leakage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ki-Weon","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seokhoon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Kangwon National University, Kangwon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7783-7912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jooyoung","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Science Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Space Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78759, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clark R.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Space Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78759, USA"},{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Dahle, C., Flechtner, F., Murb\u00f6ck, M., Michalak, G., Neumayer, K., Abrykosov, O., Reinhold, A., and K\u00f6nig, R. 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DAAC."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/11\/1798\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:35:05Z","timestamp":1760175305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/11\/1798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["rs12111798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12111798","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]}}}