{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:19:43Z","timestamp":1780550383307,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Key R&amp;D Program","award":["2018YFB2100500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB2100500"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China program","award":["41890822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41890822"]}]},{"name":"Creative Research Group of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China","award":["2016CFA003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016CFA003"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities","award":["2042017GF0057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2042017GF0057"]}]},{"name":"the National Nature Science Foundation of China program","award":["41771422, 41971351, 41601406, and 41801339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41771422, 41971351, 41601406, and 41801339"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tea is a cash crop that improves the quality of life for people in the Tanuyen District of Laichau Province, Vietnam. Tea yield, however, has stagnated in recent years, due to changes in temperature, precipitation, the age of the tea bushes, and diseases. Developing an approach for monitoring tea bushes by remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) might be a way to alleviate this problem. Using multi-temporal remote sensing data, the paper details an investigation of the changes in tea health and yield forecasting through the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). In this study, we used NDVI as a support tool to demonstrate the temporal and spatial changes in NDVI through the extract tea NDVI value and calculate the mean NDVI value. The results of the study showed that the minimum NDVI value was 0.42 during January 2013 and February 2015 and 2016. The maximum NDVI value was in August 2015 and June 2017. We indicate that the linear relationship between NDVI value and mean temperature was strong with      R 2  = 0.79     Our results confirm that the combination of meteorological data and NDVI data can achieve a high performance of yield prediction. Three models to predict tea yield were conducted: support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and the traditional linear regression model (TLRM). For period 2009 to 2018, the prediction tea yield by the RF model was the best with a      R 2  = 0.73    , by SVM it was 0.66, and 0.57 with the TLRM. Three evaluation indicators were used to consider accuracy: the coefficient of determination (     R 2     ), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and percentage error of tea yield (PETY). The highest accuracy for the three models was in 2015 with a      R 2      \u2265 0.87, RMSE &lt; 50 kg\/ha, and PETY less 3% error. In the other years, the prediction accuracy was higher in the SVM and RF models. Meanwhile, the RF algorithm was better than PETY (\u226410%) and the root mean square error for this algorithm was significantly less (\u226480 kg\/ha). RMSE and PETY showed relatively good values in the TLRM model with a RMSE from 80 to 100 kg\/ha and a PETY from 8 to 15%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12111814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T03:32:21Z","timestamp":1591327941000},"page":"1814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Using Multi-Temporal MODIS NDVI Data to Monitor Tea Status and Forecast Yield: A Case Study at Tanuyen, Laichau, Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Phamchimai","family":"Phan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"The Faculty of Tourism, Thai Nguyen University of Science, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3521-9972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nengcheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6454-2963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6624-6693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeqiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Laichau Provincial People\u2019s Committee (2018). 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