{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:59:53Z","timestamp":1779105593188,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31871520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31871520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61701123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61701123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFD0200301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFD0200301"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan of Guangzhou of China","award":["201807010111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201807010111"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan of Guangdong Province of China","award":["2017B090903007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017B090903007"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Research Team of Agricultural and Rural Big Data in Guangdong Province of China","award":["2019KJ138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KJ138"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing platforms allow for normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values to be mapped with a relatively high resolution, therefore enabling an unforeseeable ability to evaluate the influence of the operation parameters on the quality of the thus acquired data. In order to better understand the effects of these parameters, we made a comprehensive evaluation on the effects of the solar zenith angle (SZA), the time of day (TOD), the flight altitude (FA) and the growth level of paddy rice at a pixel-scale on UAV-acquired NDVI values. Our results show that: (1) there was an inverse relationship between the FA (\u2264100 m) and the mean NDVI values, (2) TOD and SZA had a greater impact on UAV\u2013NDVIs than the FA and the growth level; (3) Better growth levels of rice\u2014measured using the NDVI\u2014could reduce the effects of the FA, TOD and SZA. We expect that our results could be used to better plan flight campaigns that aim to collect NDVI values over paddy rice fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12111850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T05:16:14Z","timestamp":1591679774000},"page":"1850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Assessing the Operation Parameters of a Low-altitude UAV for the Collection of NDVI Values Over a Paddy Rice Field"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University\/Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Application (ERCAAA), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Centre for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS), Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada"},{"name":"National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology (NPAAC), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment (South China Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University\/Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Application (ERCAAA), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology (NPAAC), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment (South China Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University\/Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Application (ERCAAA), Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6273-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University\/Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Application (ERCAAA), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology (NPAAC), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment (South China Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiwen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University\/Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Application (ERCAAA), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology (NPAAC), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment (South China Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology (NPAAC), Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7768-6600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Sanchez-Azofeifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS), Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4160-3452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kati","family":"Laakso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS), Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 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