{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T07:04:23Z","timestamp":1766732663207,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/05268-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/05268-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Building boundaries play an essential role in many applications such as urban planning and production of 3D realistic views. In this context, airborne LiDAR data have been explored for the generation of digital building models. Despite the many developed strategies, there is no method capable of encompassing all the complexities in an urban environment. In general, the vast majority of existing regularization methods are based on building boundaries that are made up of straight lines. Therefore, the development of a strategy able to model building boundaries, regardless of their degree of complexity is of high importance. To overcome the limitations of existing strategies, an iterative CD-spline (changeable degree spline) regularization method is proposed. The main contribution is the automated selection of the polynomial function that best models each segment of the building roof boundaries. Conducted experiments with real data verified the ability of the proposed approach in modeling boundaries with different levels of complexities, including buildings composed of complex curved segments and point cloud with different densities, presenting Fscore and PoLiS around 95% and 0.30 m, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12121904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T05:56:27Z","timestamp":1592200587000},"page":"1904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Regularization of Building Roof Boundaries from Airborne LiDAR Data Using an Iterative CD-Spline"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0263-312X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato C\u00e9sar","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cartography and Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0104-9960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Galo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cartography and Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6498-5951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman F.","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907\u20132050, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018, December 28). 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