{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T21:27:34Z","timestamp":1781299654005,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bingshun He","award":["2018YFC1508105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1508105"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>NASA\u2019s Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) is a major source of precipitation data, having a larger coverage, higher precision, and a higher spatiotemporal resolution than previous products, such as the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). However, there rarely has been an application of IMERG products in flash flood warnings. Taking Yunnan Province as the typical study area, this study first evaluated the accuracy of the near-real-time IMERG Early run product (IMERG-E) and the post-real-time IMERG Final run product (IMERG-F) with a 6-hourly temporal resolution. Then the performance of the two products was analyzed with the improved Rainfall Triggering Index (RTI) in the flash flood warning. Results show that (1) IMERG-F presents acceptable accuracy over the study area, with a relatively high hourly correlation coefficient of 0.46 and relative bias of 23.33% on the grid, which performs better than IMERG-E; and (2) when the RTI model is calibrated with the gauge data, the IMERG-F results matched well with the gauge data, indicating that it is viable to use MERG-F in flash flood warnings. However, as the flash flood occurrence increases, both gauge and IMERG-F data capture fewer flash flood events, and IMERG-F overestimates actual precipitation. Nevertheless, IMERG-F can capture more flood events than IMERG-E and can contribute to improving the accuracy of the flash flood warnings in Yunnan Province and other flood-prone areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12121954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T13:11:32Z","timestamp":1592399492000},"page":"1954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Application of the GPM-IMERG Products in Flash Flood Warning: A Case Study in Yunnan, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Meihong","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of urban hydrologic cycle and sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of urban hydrologic cycle and sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITIC Construction Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0923-583X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 1K2, Canada"},{"name":"Coldwater Laboratory, University of Saskatchewan, Canmore, AL T1W 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dacheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Spatial Information Integration, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiming","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Land Resources and Urban &amp; Rural Planning, Digital Territory Experiment Center, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"324","article-title":"Flash Flood","volume":"18","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Encycl. 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